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Unit 7

Unit 7. Structure Analysis. Understanding. Summary. Reproduction. Text Study—Structure Analysis. I. Structure Analysis. Introduction + Body + Conclusion. Text Study—Structure Analysis. Research into Population Genetics. Introduction of the book and the first

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Unit 7

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  1. Unit 7

  2. Structure Analysis • Understanding • Summary • Reproduction

  3. Text Study—Structure Analysis I. Structure Analysis Introduction + Body + Conclusion

  4. Text Study—Structure Analysis Research into Population Genetics Introduction of the book and the first genetic map (Paras. 1–2) The process of conducting the research (Paras. 3–4) Example: blood sample (To be continued)

  5. Text Study—Structure Analysis Contributions of the first genetic map of the world: (Paras. 5–9) discovery birthplace origins values Conclusion: to weaken conventional notions of race that cause racial prejudice (Para. 10)

  6. Text Study—Understanding II. UnderstandingMake YourJudgment Go over the text quickly and answer the questions. For questions 1-7, mark Y (for YES); N (for NO); NG (for NOT GIVEN); For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the text.

  7. Text Study—Understanding 1. The History and Geography of Human Genes is a remarkable book about an extensive survey on population genetics. 2. The writers of the book firmly believe that races are remarkably different since the genes are not alike. 3. In order to reveal genetic makeup of people in all parts of the world, the writers did not set limitation when collecting human blood. Y N N

  8. Text Study—Understanding 4. Some of the potential blood donors were not willing to cooperate because of some religious concern. 5. Certain race turns into another race to adapt to climate as humans move from one continent to another. 6. Writers of the book believed that Americans are a mixed population, with 65% Asian and 35% African genes. 7. Genetic information may be great helpful in the field of medicine. Y NG N Y

  9. Text Study—Understanding 8. The writers trace the routes by which early humans migrated around the earth by measuring how closely ________________ _________ . 9. The genetic map and __________________ confirms that Africa was the birthplace of humanity and thus the starting point of the original human movements. 10. Cavalli-Sforza says that his goal is to ______________________________ that cause racial prejudice. current populations are related ancient human bones “weaken conventional notions of race”

  10. Text Study—Summary The book The History and Geography of Human Genes was written after the __________ have spent 16 years examining the _______________ between the populations of the world. This was achieved largely by taking the blood of hundreds of thousands of __________ from all around the world, and then analyzing their _____________. III. Summary researchers genetic similarities individuals blood proteins (To be continued)

  11. Text Study—Summary Scientifically this has allowed the writers to discover the _______ taken by early people migrating around the world and also to show that _____________we are all very similar on a genetic level. The ultimate goal of the study, however, is not just _________: it hopes to have a ______ effect by proving that there is no biological basic for ______________. routes under the skin scientific social racial prejudice

  12. Text Study—Reproduction Student A: the host Student B: the guest Luca Cavalli-Sforza Other students: audience with questions Task: The host has an interview on Luca Cavalli-Sforza about his book and the research. IV. Reproduction Talk Show: Interview on Luca Cavalli-Sforza

  13. Text Study—Reproduction Points to cover: • exchange of greetings • brief introduction of the book • contributions of the book • significance of the research • questions from the audience A sample beginning

  14. Sample questions and answers during the interview Text Study—Reproduction A: What kind of book is The History and Geography of Human Genes? B: Well, it is a collection of more than 50 years of research in population genetics. A: Can you tell us the most remarkable idea in your book? B: We believe that if you do not take surface features such as skin color and height into consideration, the “races” are remarkably alike under the skin. …

  15. Active Expressions • Focus Study

  16. Notes to the Text—Active Expressions In English, you may find some expressions formed by very common words, but they are active and powerful. I. Active Expressions e.g. • What’s on at the cinema tonight? • 今晚电影院上演什么? • What’s he up to? • 他忙什么呢?

  17. Notes to the Text—Active Expressions 1. …various proteins that serve as markers to reveal a person’s genetic makeup. 2. One of them jumps right off the book’s cover: a color map of... 3. But their genes tell a different story. 4. But their genes beg to differ. Find out the active expressions:

  18. Notes to the Text—Active Expressions 1. serve be useful; do a helpful job… 2. right exactly in a particular position; immediately 3. story information; description; occasion… 4. beg to differ do not agree with… Active Expressions

  19. Notes to the Text—Active Expressions 她在销售方面的才能对她以后将大有帮助。 就是那栋房子,就在你前面。 3. 美国的失业率下降,欧洲也是如此。 4. 在这点上我必须说我不赞成。 Translation

  20. Notes to the Text—Active Expressions • Her talent for selling will serve her well in the future. • There is the house, right in front of you. • 3. Unemployment is falling in the US and it’s the same story in Europe. • 4. I must beg to differ on this point.

  21. Notes to the Text—Focus Study 1. The book, however, is much more than an argument against the latest racially biasedtheory. II. Focus Study “more than” = to a greater degree than usual Practice

  22. Notes to the Text—Focus Study Translation Key • 他不仅是一个教练,他更是一个朋友。 • 学习英语不仅仅是上课和记笔记。 • He’s more than a coach; he’s a friend. • Learning English is more than attending the • classes and taking notes.

  23. Notes to the Text—Focus Study 2. …, labored with his colleagues for 16 years to create nothing less than the first genetic map of the world. “nothing less than” used to emphasize importance or surprise Practice

  24. Notes to the Text—Focus Study Translation Key • 三个月就建成了这个学校,简直是一个奇迹。 • 他的经历简直太奇妙了,我被感动得流下眼泪。 • The setting up of this school in three months is • nothing less than a miracle. • His experience is nothing less than magical and • I am moved to tears.

  25. Notes to the Text—Focus Study 3. Cavalli-Sforza stresses that his mission is not just scientific but social as well. not (just/only) ... but ... as well = not only ... but also … Practice

  26. Notes to the Text—Focus Study Translation Key • 莎士比亚不仅是作家,也是演员。 • 有些父母不仅关心这些游戏的安全性,还对它 • 们的教育意义表示怀疑。 • Shakespeare was not only a writer but an • actor as well. • Some parents are not only concerned with • safety but skeptical of the educational value • of such games as well.

  27. Word Using • Old to New • Chinese to English

  28. Words and Expressions—Word Using Translation Key I. Word Using 1. to date up to now • 迄今为止他的情况没有任何进展。 • 这是他迄今为止最杰出的成就。 • To date there has been no improvement in • his condition. • This is his finest achievement to date.

  29. Words and Expressions—Word Using Translation Key 2. discount vt. to think or say that sth. is not important 他说的许多话不可全信,他喜欢想象。 Much of what he says must be discounted; he likes imagining.

  30. Words and Expressions—Word Using Translation Key 2. discount n. a reduction in the usual price of something 一些剧院的戏票,学生可以打八五折。 Students get a 15% discount on some theatre tickets.

  31. Words and Expressions—Word Using Translation Key 3. bias n. an unfair and unreasonable opinion or feeling 许多妇女在工作场合仍遭受根深蒂固的偏见。 Many women still encounter deep-seated bias in the workplace.

  32. Words and Expressions—Word Using Translation Key 4. be confined to be kept within certain limits 旅游团只能进行计划内的活动。 The tour group is confined to the planned activities.

  33. Words and Expressions—Word Using Translation Key 5. in effect in fact 似乎他们以为修一条新路会解决这个交通问题,事实上,情况将更糟糕。 They seem to think that building a new road will solve the traffic problem, but it will make it worse.

  34. Words and Expressions—Word Using Use It Tips 6. adapt to to try to deal successfully with a new situation According to your experience, how to adapt to college life? • being open-minded… • turning to teachers for help • trying to making friends

  35. Words and Expressions—Word Using Translation Key 7. in combination with together with 她采用利诱和威胁并用的方法,获得了成功。 By using persuasion in combination with threats, she achieved success.

  36. Words and Expressions—Word Using Translation Key 8. shed light on to make something easier to understand 调查报告将有助于解开这个疑团。 The investigation report will shed light on the mystery.

  37. Words and Expressions—Word Using Translation Key 9. be descended from to be related to someone who lived long ago 达尔文指出人类是从动物演变而来的。 Darwin pointed out that human beings are descended from animals.

  38. Words and Expressions—Word Using Translation Key 10. distinctive adj. having a quality or characteristic that make sth. different and easily noticed • 他走路的样子与众不同。 • 房间里有一种特殊的气味。 • He has a distinctive way of walking. • There is a distinctive smell in the room.

  39. Words and Expressions—Old to New change make known bring together face be similar to divide not the same unusual use for profit vary reveal assemble confront resemble split distinct unique exploit II. Old to New

  40. Words and Expressions—C to E III. Chinese to English 广泛的调查 科学根据 偏远地区 乡下 引人注目的发现 并非如此 适应 商业目的 最终目的 传统观念 extensive survey scientific basis remote areas rural region remarkable discoveries tell a different story adapt to commercial purposes ultimate aim conventional notions

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