Pakistan

1. Pakistan

2. Pakistan – A Preview Total Population – 152.5 million Male : Female Proportion – 52 : 48 Urban : Rural Proportion – 33.4: 66.6 Population Density / Sq. Km – 187/person Pakistan is the seventh most populous country in the world

3. Demographic IndicatorsPakistan is categorized by high mortality and population growth rates • Total Fertility Rate 4.07 • Crude Birth Rate 28 • Population Growth Rate 1.92 • Infant Mortality Rate 82 • Under 5 Mortality Rate 98 • Maternal Mortality Ratio 350 • Contraceptive Prevalence Rate 34 Economic survey of Pakistan 2004 - 05

4. MGD 4: Reduce Child Mortality INDICATORS FOR PAKISTAN • Under-five mortality rate • Infant mortality rate • Proportion of fully immunised children (12-23 months) • Proportion of children < 1 yr immunised against measles • Prevalence of under-weight children (under 5 yrs) • Lady Health Workers’ coverage of target population

5. MGD 5: Improve Maternal Health INDICATORS FOR PAKISTAN • Maternal mortality ratio • Proportion of births attended by skilled birth attendants • Contraceptive prevalence rate • Total fertility rate • Proportion of women 15-49 years who had given birth during last 3 years, and made at least one antenatal care consultation

6. MGD 6: Combat HIV/AIDS, Malaria and Other Diseases INDICATORS FOR PAKISTAN • HIV prevalence among 15-24 year old pregnant women • HIV prevalence among vulnerable groups (e.g., active sex workers) • Proportion of population in malaria risk areas using effective malaria prevention and treatment measures • Incidence of tuberculosis per 100,000 population • Proportion of TB cases detected and cured under Directly Observed Treatment Short Course (DOTS)

7. MGD 4: Reduce Child Mortality(MGD Goals Report 2004 – Planning Commission of Pakistan)

8. MGD 4: Reduce Child MortalityStatus at a Glance – Summary of Progress(MGD Goals Report 2004 – Planning Commission of Pakistan)

9. MGD 4: Reduce Child MortalityCapacity for Monitoring and Reporting Progress(MGD Goals Report 2004 – Planning Commission of Pakistan)

10. MGD 5: Reduce Maternal Mortality(MGD Goals Report 2004 – Planning Commission of Pakistan)

11. MGD 5: Reduce Maternal MortalityStatus at a Glance – Summary of Progress(MGD Goals Report 2004 – Planning Commission of Pakistan)

12. MGD 5: Reduce Maternal MortalityCapacity for Monitoring and Reporting Progress(MGD Goals Report 2004 – Planning Commission of Pakistan)

13. MGD 6: Combating HIV/AIDS, Malaria and Other Diseases(MGD Goals Report 2004 – Planning Commission of Pakistan)

14. MGD 6: Combating HIV/AIDS, Malaria and Other DiseasesStatus at a Glance – Summary of Progress(MGD Goals Report 2004 – Planning Commission of Pakistan)

15. MGD 6: Combating HIV/AIDS, Malaria and Other DiseasesCapacity for Monitoring and Reporting Progress(MGD Goals Report 2004 – Planning Commission of Pakistan)

16. Issues • Inadequate budgetary allocation • High population growth rate • High fertility rate • Focus on curative medicine than the preventive treatment • Poor primary health care services • Lack of integration of vertical Preventive programs

17. Issues (cont’d) • Inadequate social sector services delivery • Professional and managerial deficiencies • High prevalence of communicable diseases • Lack of integrated management of childhood illnesses • Malnutrition • Low skilled birth attendance rate

18. Issues (cont’d) • Lack of awareness • Insufficient accessibility to maternal health care services especially emergency obstetric care • Lack of sex education for HIV/AIDS

19. Advantages / Strengths • Health System Infrastructure • Improving fiscal environment • Functional community-based LHWs • Devolution • Poverty-alleviation strategies

20. Government Programs - Health • National Program for Family Planning and Primary Health Care • Food and Nutrition • Women Health Project • Reproductive Health Project • Expanded Program on Immunization • National Maternal and Child Care Program

21. NCHD – Health ProgramsFocus is on ensuring access to health services • Primary Health Care Extension • National ORS Campaign • National School Health Program • Strengthening of Primary Health Care System

22. ROLE OF ICT IN HEALTH • ICTs provide opportunities for individuals, medical professionals and healthcare providers to • obtain information, • communicate with professionals, • deliver first-line support especially where distance is a critical factor and • promote preventive medicine programmes.

23. APPLICATION OF ICT IN HEALTH • At Referral Hospitals/Regional Hospitals/ District/Sub-district Health Centres, ICT enable: • more effective planning, decision-making and monitoring • improved shared service operations • greater access to more reliable health & population data • more effective resource management

24. APPLICATION OF ICT IN HEALTH(Cont’d) • Particular value for patients from improved information systems include: • development & use of electronic patient records • multi-media decision support systems • remote monitoring • updating patient notes using wireless Personal Digital Assistants (PDA)

25. E-HEALTH CHALLENGES • Creating ICT technologists and technicians in health sector at all levels • Attitudes about use of ICT/e-health technologies • Time - Man’s greatest enemy • Achieving consensus • Lack of investment in technology in healthcare sector • Lack of Stakeholder participation

26. E-HEALTH CHALLENGES Solutions are needed to solve these challenges. How can e-health help to meet health sector challenges?