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气候变化对草地畜牧业的影响

中国适应气候变化项目会议. 气候变化对草地畜牧业的影响. The impact of Climate Change on Pasture Husbandry in China. 中国农业大学 潘学标. Pan Xuebiao China Agricultural University. 提纲 Outline. 1 气候变化对北方草地畜牧业地区边界有影响 Impacts of Climate change (CC) on regional border of grassland and pasture husbandry 2 气候年际变化牧草生物量的影响

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气候变化对草地畜牧业的影响

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  1. 中国适应气候变化项目会议 气候变化对草地畜牧业的影响 The impact of Climate Change on Pasture Husbandry in China 中国农业大学 潘学标 Pan Xuebiao China Agricultural University

  2. 提纲 Outline • 1 气候变化对北方草地畜牧业地区边界有影响 Impacts of Climate change (CC) on regional border of grassland and pasture husbandry • 2 气候年际变化牧草生物量的影响 CC on grass biomass • 3 气候对牧草物候期的影响与动态模拟 CC on pasture and grass phenological period • 4 基于SPACSYS模型的牧草生育模拟与情景分析 CC on feed crop development and growth with SPACSYS model • 5 结论 Conclusion

  3. 1气候变化对北方草地畜牧业地区边界有影响Impacts of Climate change (CC) on regional border of grassland and pasture husbandry • 总体上变暖变干,中东部降水减少 • Warmer and dryer, lower precipitation in middle east • 农牧交错中段西部南界南移 • The border of farming-pastoral ecotonemoves southwards

  4. 全区有气候变暖趋势 内蒙古1961-1990年T≥0℃积温分布图 Distribution of accumulative degree day in Inner Mongolia 1961-1990 T≥0℃

  5. 全区有气候变暖趋势 内蒙古1991-2005年T≥0℃积温分布图 Distribution of accumulative degree day in Inner Mongolia 1991-2005 T≥0℃ 内蒙古1991-2005年T≥0℃积温分布图

  6. 内蒙古1961-1990年T≥0℃期间降水量分布图 Distribution of precipitation during T≥0℃in Inner Mongolia 1961-1990

  7. 内蒙古1991-2005年T≥0℃期间降水量分布图 Distribution of precipitation during T≥0℃in Inner Mongolia 1991-2005 东部降水减少,干旱带东移

  8. 内蒙古1961-1990年湿润系数分布图 Distribution of Coefficient of Humidity in Inner Mongolia 1961-1990

  9. 内蒙古1991-2005年湿润系数分布图 Distribution of Coefficient of Humidity in Inner Mongolia 1991-2005 全区中东部变干,西部有所缓解

  10. 图3-8 1976-2005年北方农牧交错带边界移动情况 图3-7 1971-2000年北方农牧交错带边界移动情况 北方农牧交错带地区边界移动情况The moving of border of farming-pastoral ecotone 该分析中以1961-1990年划定的边界为基准,分别讨论1971-2000年与1976-2005年北方农牧交错带的边界移动情况。

  11. 2 气候年际变化对牧草生物量的影响Impact of CC on pasture and grass biomass

  12. biomass 野外考察结果: Field Survey over 3years 样地草地生物量年际差异大 Biomass was very different Xilinhot Sonid Zuoqi Darhan Muminggan qi

  13. 3 气候对牧草物候期的影响与动态模拟Impacts of CC on phenological period of grass and its simulation

  14. 额尔古纳羊草和贝加尔针茅的返青期和枯黄期的相关性 correlation of the period of seedling establishment and the brown period in two species (China Leymus and Needlegrass) Needlegrass Date of Needlegrass beginning growth Date of Leymus beginning growth Leymus Date of grass scorch

  15. 巴雅尔吐胡硕地区羊草、冰草和萎陵菜1995-2007年返青期和枯黄期的变化趋势 Change of the period of seedling establishment and the brown period from 1995 to 2007 in three grass species period of seedling establishment the brown period China Leymus Wheatgrass Cinquefoil

  16. 察右后旗羊草和克氏针茅的物候期变化趋势 Change of the phenological period in two grass species Flowering date China Leymus Needlegrass China Leymus Needlegrass seedling establishment the brown period Maturity date China Leymus Needlegrass China Leymus Needlegrass

  17. 镶黄旗冰草返青期与温度、开花期与和降水的相关关系correlation of the period of seedling establishment and temperature in spring (a); correlation of the period of flowering and precipitation (b) of Wheatgrass at Xianghuang Qi Precipitation in July Spring Temperature

  18. 冷蒿、糙隐子草和芦苇物候期与气候因子相关性分析 Correlation analysis of climatic factor and phenological period in three grass species *:P<0.05 **: P<0.01

  19. 建立天然草地模型,可分别对羊草,针茅进行模拟Development Grass simulation model To simulate development of Leymus and needlgrass et al

  20. 牧草物候阶段划分及其形态指标Phenological stage index system

  21. 天然牧草物候期基本模型Phenological period model

  22. 牧草物候模型的计算机模拟原理 每日发育时期指数可以表述为: 即每天的发育时期指数等于前一天的发育速率与当天发育速率的和,当发育时期指数累加到DSI时,则表示生育阶段模拟完成,得到的该生育阶段的天数。此时,牧草即将进入下一个生育阶段。并以此类推,即可模拟牧草整个物候期的变化。

  23. 温度和光照对发育的影响Impact of temperature and light on grass development

  24. 模型的参数Parameters 典型牧草物候模型主要参数列表

  25. 牧草不同物候阶段的温光指标范围 Range of index value for each phenological period

  26. 模型参数调试 Modelling test 不同牧草各物候阶段的模型参数及参数调试结果统计检验

  27. 牧草物候模型验证 Validation ofPhenological period simulation Leymus needlgrass Simulation Simulation Observation Observation

  28. 察右后旗和鄂温克旗针茅返青期模拟值与实测值的比较 Comparison of simulated phenological period and measured phenological period

  29. 呼伦贝尔牧业试验站羊草产量变化(gm-2)Change of Chinese wildrye production in Hulunber trial station

  30. 呼伦贝尔牧业试验站牧草总产量变化(gm-2)Change of pasture production in Hulunber trial station

  31. 呼伦贝尔9月30日生物量与年降水量的关系Correlation of biomass production on 30th September and annual precipitation in Hulunber

  32. 小结Brief summary • 模型已能较好地模拟天然牧草物候期 • 拟加入光合生产模型,以便能模拟草地生物量 • 与气候变化结合,即可用于评估未来气候变化对草地物候和生物量的影响

  33. 4 基于SPACSYS模型的饲草作物生育模拟与情景分析CC on pasture development and growth with SPACSYS model • 模型简介 Introduction of SPACSYS model • 模型案例 Application;Case study • 基于典型区域气候情景的模拟分析 Simulation of CC impact in typical climate sites

  34. SPACSYS模型作者及特点 Lianhai Wu Crop & Soil Systems Research Group Sottish Agricultural College 多层 multi-soil layers(用户设定土壤层数) 田间尺度 field scale 气候驱动 weather-driven 日模拟 daily steps • 作物生长和发育(包括地上和地下部分,可模拟单作或间作)plant growth and development • N & C 循环 N&C cycling • 土壤水运动 soil water movement • 热量传递 heat conduction

  35. SPACSYS 模型框架 Framework Fresh OM Humus Dissolved OM Transpiration Precipitation CO2 N2O, NO Deposition Canopy storage Evaporation CO2 CO2 Fertiliser Surface runoff Runoff loss Surface pool Litter, manure CO2 NH4 NO3 Microbial Soil water Soil heat Groundwater percolation leaching leaching

  36. C 模块框架 C cycling Photosynthate partitioning could be operated either by default equation or use-defined parameters CO2 leaves CO2 manure translocaton seeds above ground litter runoff stems runoff runoff root litter DOM pool microbe pool CO2 CO2 fresh OM pool mortality humus pool

  37. SPACSYS 数据支持 Dataset • 气象数据 weather data (最高温度,最低温度,降水,风速,湿度,日照时数,总辐射,净辐射) • 土壤数据 soil information (土壤理化性质,土壤容重,孔隙度,萎蔫点,pH值等;土壤分层,及各层的水分含量,温度,C&N含量) • 作物参数 crop paremater (发育,光合,干物质分配,等;固氮,3D根系可选) • 作物管理等 plant management (播种,灌溉,施肥,翻耕等) SPACSYS模型数据运行与管理可通过MS SQL, MS Access or MySQL进行。

  38. SPACSYS 数据输出 Output 发育期 光合速率 作物器官生长 作物器官衰老 作物呼吸 叶面积 • 作物模拟输出 Crop output • 土壤C&N模拟输出 Soil C&N • 水热传输模拟输出 Water and heat • 根系模拟输出 Root system 豆科作物固氮 NO3-,NH4+吸收 作物吸水 作物各器官含氮量

  39. SPACSYS在模拟牧草上的应用 Application • 案例 Case 1: 阿伯丁,苏格兰 (Aberdeen, UK) 2001-2003 大麦 (barley), grass/clover mixed pasture • 案例 Case 2: 欧洲气候背景下 1)Risø, Denmark 1984 2)Dijon, France 1999 3)Copenhagen, Denmark 2000 豌豆(field pea) 不同氮素肥料施用处理下的 N application treatments

  40. SPACSYS在欧洲气候背景下应用 SPACSYS模型验证对欧洲三个站点豌豆生长季内地上部分生物量模拟 Comparison of simulated aboveground DM and measurement in all three sites 横轴为实测值,纵轴为模拟值,(−) 1:1 line

  41. SPACSYS模拟初步评估气候变化影响CC on filed pea in Inner Mongolia based on scenario of SRES A2 • 地点:内蒙古试验站 Inner Mongolia four sites (grids) 格点 Central points of Grids 站名 纬度 经度 地形高度数据(单位:米) latitude longitude altitude (m) 武川 Wuchuan 41.07 111.38 1529.77 四子王旗 Siziwangqi 41.51 111.41 1524.00 锡林浩特 Xilinhaote 43.89 116.42 1198.85 杭锦旗 Hangjinqi 39.82 108.44 1366.03

  42. 作物:豌豆(箭舌豌豆)Filed pea • 材料 Material1: 2008年内蒙古武川粮草轮作试验 Experimental data in Wuchuan site 1)发育期观测 Development 2)开花期,结荚成熟期,成熟枯黄期,三个时期茎,叶,根,荚果干物重测定,最终产量 Biomass sampling 3)气候监测数据,土壤数据等 Weather and soil data 目的 Goal:作物参数调整 Crop parameter determination

  43. SPACSYS模拟案例 • 情景分析 Weather data input SRES A2情景下HadAM3驱动的PRECIS第二组作业输出结果订正值及相应的气候基准时段订正值(其中风速为模式原始值) • 模拟 Modelling 4月25日播种 sowing date 25th Apr. 8月1日收获 harvest 1st Aug. 1961-1990 2021-2050 输出 Output:豌豆的生育期,产量,生物量变化 development, seeds production, aboveground biomass

  44. Change of emergence in Wuchuan (days after sowing) 武川豌豆出苗期(自播种后日数)随气候变化趋势

  45. Change of flowering in Wuchuan (days after sowing) 武川豌豆开花期(自播种后日数)随气候变化趋势

  46. Change of mature in Wuchuan (days after sowing) 武川豌豆成熟期(自播种后日数)随气候变化趋势

  47. 武川豌豆发育期 development(自播种后天数 days after sowing)年代平均随气候变化趋势 in Wuchuan

  48. Change of seeds production at harvest in Wuchuan (g/m2) 武川豌豆籽粒产量(g/m2)随气候变化趋势

  49. Change of aboveground DM at harvest in Wuchuan (g/m2) 武川豌豆地上部生物量(g/m2)随气候变化趋势

  50. 武川豌豆收获期生物量(g/m2)年代平均随气候变化趋势武川豌豆收获期生物量(g/m2)年代平均随气候变化趋势 Change of biomass at harvest (g/m2)

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