Unit 2 Age of Exploration

1. Unit 2 Age of Exploration Our Nation

2. Explorers Marco PoloVasco Nunez de Balboa Christopher ColumbusHernando Cortez Isabella I & Ferdinand IIFrancisco Pizarro Henry Hudson Francisco de CoronadoJacques Cartier Bartholomeu DiasSamuel de Champlain Vasco da Gama Ferdinand Magellan Amerigo VespucciJuan Ponce de Leon Hernando de SotoRobert LaSalle

3. Marco Polo Italian merchant whose travels helped inspire European interest in Asia • Traveled to China and other parts of Asia and learned about the valuable trade goods there • Book based on his memories of the trip was sold throughout Europe

4. Christopher Columbus Italian explorer whose voyages opened the New World to Europeans • Sailed searching for a western route from Europe to Asia • Found and claimed land in the Americas for Spain in 1492, opening up colonization of the Americas

5. Isabella I and Ferdinand II Spanish King and Queen 1479 • Sponsored Christopher Columbus’s voyage to Asia

6. Henry Hudson English Explorer who sailed to North America for both the English and the Dutch • Explored the river that now bears his name in present day New York and claimed the lands for the Dutch in 1609 • Died in the Canadian bay that now bears his name

7. Francisco de Coronado Spanish explorer of the present-day southwestern United States • Led an expedition in 1540 to search for the legendary Seven Golden Cities of Cibola • Helped establish Spanish land claims in the present-day United States, stretching from Kansas to California

8. Francisco Pizarro Spanish conquistador of the Inca Empire in South America • Led an expedition that reached present-day Peru in 1531 • Conquered the Inca Empire, claimed all the land for Spain, and founded present-day Lima, Peru, in 1535

9. Bartholomeu Dias First European explorer to sail around the southern tip of Africa • Became the first European to sail around the Cape of Good Hope in Africa • Lost at sea in 1500, after his ship, which was on an expedition to brazil, sank

10. Vasco de Gama Portuguese explorer who reached India by sailing around Africa • Reached the southwestern coast of India in May of 1498 • Made two more voyages to India, helping to establish a sea route from Europe to Asia

11. Amerigo Vespucci Explorer who name was given to the New World • Joined a Portuguese expedition to South America from 1501-1502 and became convinced that this land was a “New World” and not part of Asia • Helped outfit a ship for the second voyage of Columbus

12. Hernando de Soto Spanish explorer who led the first European expedition to see the Mississippi River • Led an expedition that began in what is now Florida in 1539 • Helped Pizarro in the conquest of the Incas in present-day Peru

13. Vasco de Balboa First European to see the Pacific Ocean from the west coast of the Americas • Reached the Pacific Ocean on September 29, 1513, which he claimed for Spain • Led a group of men through the jungle after hearing stories of a great ocean and gold

14. Hernando Cortes Spanish conquistador of the Aztec Empire in present-day Mexico • Defeated the Aztecs in 1521 and captured their capital of Tenochtitlan • Gained control of a vast territory for Spain from the Caribbean Sea tot eh Pacific Ocean

15. Francisco Pizarro Spanish conquistador of the Inca Empire in South America • Led an expedition that reached present-day Peru in 1531 • Conquered the Inca Empire, claimed all the land for Spain, and founded present-day Lima, Peru, in 1535

16. Jacques Cartier French explorer who tried to find a sea passage through North America • Looked for a Northwest Passage to Asia but found the St. Lawrence River instead • Credited with opening present-day Canada to European settlement with his explorations

17. Samuel de Champlain French explorer and founder of Quebec, Canada • Explored the St. Lawrence River and founded a trading post in 1608 that became the city of Quebec • Befriended the Huron and assisted them in their fight with the Iroquois

18. Ferdinand Magellan Led the first expedition to sail completely around the world, although he did not live to complete the voyage • Became the first European to sail across what he named the Pacific Ocean • Killed in battle but one of his ships completed the first circumnavigation of the world

19. Juan Ponce de Leon Spanish explorer best known for exploring present-day Florida • Explored Florida looking for gold but was unsuccessful • Joined Christopher Columbus’s second voyage to the New World • Thought the found the fountain of youth in 1513

20. Robert LaSalle Frenchman who explored parts of North America • Explored the Mississippi River, reaching its mouth at the Gulf of Mexico in 1682 • Claimed the entire Mississippi River Valley for France, naming the territory “Louisiana” for King Louis XIV

21. Vocabulary Cards navigation expedition magnetic compass astrolabe entrepreneur latitude longitude cartographer colony reform convert emperor circumnavigation mission trading post tributary slavery charter settlement

22. Exploration Reasons • Technologies improved in the 1400’s • Counter Reformation…Spreading Catholic Faith • Looking for Asia route for trade • Northwest passage • Triangle of trade • Gold, riches, and colonies

23. Countries and the Areas They Explored • Spain: Mexico, Florida, South America • France: Northeastern N America Mississippi • Dutch: New York • Portugal: South America • English: Eastern N. America