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Class #33: Monday, November 16

Class #33: Monday, November 16. Climate types (continued). K öppen (KEPP-in) Scheme. Modified by Trewartha and Horn Related to geography and global circulation Uses letters (1, 2 or 3) in Chapter 14 Has many other subdivisions within the categories shown in our book

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Class #33: Monday, November 16

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  1. Class #33: Monday, November 16 Climate types (continued) Class #32: Friday, November 13

  2. Köppen (KEPP-in) Scheme • Modified by Trewartha and Horn • Related to geography and global circulation • Uses letters (1, 2 or 3) in Chapter 14 • Has many other subdivisions within the categories shown in our book • Has 6 major groups: A, B, C, D, E, H Class #32: Friday, November 13

  3. The 6 major climate groups • A: Tropical moist • B: Dry (can be subtropical or mid latitude) • C: Moist with mild winters (mid latitude) • D: Moist with severe winters (mid latitude) • E: Polar (high latitude) • H: Highland (rapid climate change with elevation) • 2nd letter: usually latitude (except B) • 3rd letter: differences in temperature Class #32: Friday, November 13

  4. Class #32: Friday, November 13

  5. Class #32: Friday, November 13

  6. Class #32: Friday, November 13

  7. Tropical Humid Climates: Af, Aw, Am • All tropical (A) climates are humid • Letter “f” means no dry season, rain year round, usually closest to the equator • Letter “m” means “monsoonal”, with a short dry season and a very rainy season • Letter “w” means “winter dry season” except no real winter in tropics, just cool Class #32: Friday, November 13

  8. Tropical humid climates (continued) • Af • Closest to the equator • Smallest annual range of temperature • 6.9-10 inches of rain per month • Most thunderstorms in afternoon • Linked to ITCZ • Tropical rain forests • Am • Seasonal onshore winds during summer monsoon • Climates with most yearly precipitation • Jungle vegetation Class #32: Friday, November 13

  9. Tropical moist climates (continued) • Aw • Farthest A climate from the equator • Often border Af • Tropical wet and dry • Wet summers, dry, cooler winters • Linked to the seasonal migration of the ITCZ • Vegetation is savannah or tropical grasslands with scattered deciduous trees, as in the grasslands of Africa. Class #32: Friday, November 13

  10. Class #32: Friday, November 13

  11. Dry (B) climates • Potential evaporation minus precipitation is greater than 0 • More land of this climate type than any other • Lubbock has a B climate • Descending branch of the Hadley circulation near the subtropical highs or • Rain shadow of a mountain range Class #32: Friday, November 13

  12. Dry climate subtypes • 2nd letter • “S” for steppe or semi-arid (like Lubbock) • “W” for true desert (extremely dry) • 3rd letter • “h” for low-latitude, hot (yearly average temperature >= 64ºF) • “k” for mid latitude, cool (yearly average temperature <64ºF) Class #32: Friday, November 13

  13. Dry climate subtypes (continued) • BWh Extremely dry and hot; can have large sand dunes; Sahara, Arabian peninsula, central Australia, most extreme B climate • BSk Least extreme B climate; midlatitude steppe, often high plateau, Lubbock, Denver, San Diego; often rain shadow • BSh Much of Mexico, lower latitude, subtropical steppe • BWk Central Asia, very dry, midlatitude rain shadow, continental interior Class #32: Friday, November 13

  14. Class #32: Friday, November 13

  15. Class #32: Friday, November 13

  16. C Climate type • All C are moist, plentiful precipitation • All C are midlatitudes • Average temperature of coolest month between 27ºF and 65ºF • Have many subtypes; Chapter 14 concentrates on a few • 2nd letter like A subtypes • “f” no dry season • “w” brief dry period in winter Class #32: Friday, November 13

  17. C Climate type (continued) • 3rd letter • “a” hot summer • “b” warm summer • “c” cool summer Class #32: Friday, November 13

  18. C Climate subtypes • Cfb, Cfc Marine west coast • Northwest coast of US, Canada • Often cool ocean currents • Cfa, Cwa Humid subtropical • Southeastern US • 30-100 inches of rain per year • Csa, Csb Mediterranean • Along a coast, mild winter • Greece • Dry summer, semi-permanent subtropical high Class #32: Friday, November 13

  19. Class #32: Friday, November 13

  20. Class #32: Friday, November 13

  21. Class #32: Friday, November 13

  22. D Climate typeSevere (winter) Midlatitude • Similar to C but severely cold winter • Average temperature of coldest month <27ºF • Snow on ground for extended periods • Average temperature of warmest month >50ºF • Overall, large change in temperature with season Class #32: Friday, November 13

  23. D climate subtypes • 2nd letter • “f” no dry season • “w” winter dry season • 3rd letter • “a” hot summer • “b” warm summer • “c” cool summer • “d” extremely severe winter Class #32: Friday, November 13

  24. D Climate Subtypes (continued) • Humid continental • Dfa, Dfb, Dwa, Dwb • Dfa, for example, Chicago • Subarctic • Dfc, Dfd, Dwc, Dwd • Long winter • Brief cool summer Class #32: Friday, November 13

  25. Class #32: Friday, November 13

  26. Class #32: Friday, November 13

  27. E climate type • Polar climate, very dry and cold • Poleward of Arctic/Antarctic Circle, latitude 66.5º • E climate subtypes • ET Tundra: mosses, lichens, flowering plants, woody shrubs, small trees, permafrost • EF Ice caps: no vegetation; Greenland, Antarctic Plateau Class #32: Friday, November 13

  28. Class #32: Friday, November 13

  29. H climate type: Highland • Large variation of temperature and precipitation over small horizontal distances • Large diurnal temperature variation • Can be dry or moist, depending on orientation, humidity, and whether prevailing winds are upslope or downslope Class #32: Friday, November 13

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