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Understanding International Inequality: Theories, Causes, and Consequences

This overview examines the theories behind international inequality, focusing on why some nations prosper while others struggle. Modernization theory suggests that wealthier countries are more "modern" due to specific cultural factors, while dependency theory argues that affluent nations perpetuate poverty in poorer ones. We explore the role of corporations in enforcing dependency, exemplified by the Bhopal tragedy, and discuss the impact of food policies on hunger in lower-income countries. Additionally, we touch on demography, highlighting trends driving population changes globally.

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Understanding International Inequality: Theories, Causes, and Consequences

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  1. International Inequality

  2. Theories concerning international inequality Why are some nations rich and other nations poor? -Modernization Theory: Higher-income nations are simply more "modern" due to certain cultural features -Dependency Theory: Higher-income nations create and enforce poverty in lower-income nations

  3. Corporations and Dependency • Corporations might be thought of as organizing a “new colonialism.” • Colonialism entails: • Exploitation • Forced dependency • Jobs • Consumer products • LIC government and the corporations are both responsible for new colonialism: • Governments make “business-friendly” environments • Corporations influence regulatory environments • Collusion case study: The Bhopal tragedy 3

  4. International Inequality and World Hunger Dependency theory suggests that hunger and starvation in lower- income nations is a result of food-related policies in higher- income nations -Agriculture in LIC's has been taken over by HIC's corporations -LIC's agricultural products are delivered to the "global supermarket" -LIC's grow luxury crops that can command highest prices and highest profits -Thus, LIC inhabitants starve in the midst of food that they are not able to purchase.

  5. A few words on demography -"Demography" defined -Units of analysis Household Municipality (“towns” and “cities”) CA/CMA; MSA/CMSA Province/State/Canton/Prefecture etc. Nation

  6. Some important "population parameters" <Size <Fertility <Crude Birth Rate <Mortality <Crude Death Rate <Natural Growth Rate: CBR-CDR <Infant Mortality Rate <Life Expectancy <Migration <Immigration <Emigration

  7. Population Trends -The two most important trends in world population: <It's increasing <It's urbanizing 7

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