英汉互译常用技巧之 简译法 陈霞 宾艳芳 李晖

1. 英汉互译常用技巧之简译法陈霞 宾艳芳 李晖

2. 减译法又叫简词译法、省略法，所谓“省略”并不是把原文的意义删去，而是省略一些可有可无的，或者有了反而显得累赘甚至违背译文语言习惯的词，而不是把原文的某些思想内容删去。减译法又叫简词译法、省略法，所谓“省略”并不是把原文的意义删去，而是省略一些可有可无的，或者有了反而显得累赘甚至违背译文语言习惯的词，而不是把原文的某些思想内容删去。

3. （一）代词的省略 A·省略作主语的代词 EXAMPLES： 1）That’s the way I am ,and try as I might ,I haven’t been able to change it. 但我就是这个脾气，虽然几经努力，却未能改变过来。

4. 2）All the fellow gathered around ,stretching their necks like ducks. 所有的人聚拢过来，像鹅一样伸长脖子。 3）He covered his eye with his hands . 他用双手捂住了眼睛。

5. B·在英语句子中，泛指的人称代词常常不译出来B·在英语句子中，泛指的人称代词常常不译出来 EXAMPLES: 1）When will he arrive？—You can never tell . 他什么时候到？说不准。 2）If you want to kill a snake you must hit it first on the head and if you want to catch a band of robbers you must first catch their leader. 打蛇先打头，擒贼先擒王。

6. 3）The significance of a man is not in what he attains but rather in what he longs to attains. 人生的意义不在于已获取的，而在于渴望获得什么样的东西。 4）What one knows is ,in youth ,of little moment; they know enough who know how to learn. 一个人年轻时懂得什么不大重要，重要的是懂得如何学习。

7. C·作宾语的代词往往也可省略 EXAMPLES: 1）The following letter will explain itself and needs no apology. 下面的话一看就明白，用不着道歉。 2）She laid her hand lightly on his arm as if to thank him for it. 她轻轻地把手放在他的胳膊上，好像表示感谢。

8. D·省略物主代词 EXAMPLES: 1）Her dark hair waved untidy across her broad forehead ,her face was short ,her upper lip short ,showing a glint of teeth ,her brows were straight and dark ,her lashes long and dark ,her nose straight. 她的黑发蓬松地飘拂在宽宽的前额上，脸是短短的，上唇也是短短的，露出一排亮亮的牙齿，眉毛又黑又直，鼻子笔挺。

9. 2）In order to survive ,to feed, clothe and shelter himself and his children, man is engaged in a constant struggle with nature. 为了生存，为了自己和子孙后代的衣食住行，人类和大自然进行着斗争。

10. 2·省略非人称或无意义的代词it “it”也起着代词的作用，当它被用作非人称或没有意义的时候，往往可以省略。 A ·非人称的it EXAMPLES: 1）Outside it was pitch dark and it was raining cats and dogs. 外面漆黑一团，下着瓢泼大雨。 2）A well-known characteristic of light is that it travels in a straight lines. 光的一个人尽皆知的特点是直线传播。

11. 无意义的it • 1 It was very easy for him to pour the whole bottle of wine into his throat. • 将整瓶酒倒进喉咙对他来说就是小菜一碟。 • 2 It is better to do well than to say well. • 说的好不如做的好。 • 3 It is only shallow people who judge by appearance. • 只有浅薄的人才会以貌取人。

12. 省略连词 • A省略并列连词and和or • 1 Mr.Bingley was good-looking and gentleman-like. • 宾利先生相貌英俊，彬彬有礼。 • 2 Men and women ,old and young,all joinde in the battle. • 男女老少都参加了战斗

13. B 省略从属连词 • 1 We knew spring was coming as we had seen a robin. • 我们看见了一只更鸟，知道春天快要到了。（表示原因） • 2 If you don′t go there tomorrow ,they will get angry • 你明天不去，他们会生气的。

14. 省略介词 • 表示时间和地点的介词短语在被翻译成汉语的时候，如果能够放在句首，介词往往可以省略；如果只能放在句末，就不能省略。 • 1 On sundays we have no school. • 周末我们不上学。 • 2 Smoking is prohibited in public places. • 公共场所禁止吸烟。

15. 3 She hid behind the door . • 她藏在门后（behind不能省略） • 4 His brother stood by the window. • 他弟弟站在窗边（by不能省略）

16. 谓语的省略 • 英语的谓语必须是动词，而汉语的谓语却可以是形容词或其他词性，故英语中的动词特别是联系动词可以省略不译。 • 1 These developing countries cover vast territories,encompass a large population and abound in natural resources. • 这些发展中国家土地辽阔，人口众多，资源丰富。 • 2 When the pressure gets low,the boiling-point becomes low. • 压力低，沸点就低。

17. （二）从修辞角度考虑的省略1省略汉语中不言而喻或可有可无的字（二）从修辞角度考虑的省略1省略汉语中不言而喻或可有可无的字 • 1 There was no snow,the leaves were gone from thetrees,the grass was dead. • 没有下雪，但叶落草枯。 • 2 Could you help me in any way? • 你能帮帮我吗?

18. 2 英文中重复出现的短语译成汉语时可适当省略 • 1 University applicants who had worked at a job would receive preference over those who had not . • 报考大学的人，有工作的优先录取。 • 2 She curtseyed again,and would have blushed deeper,ifshe could have blushed deeper than she has blushed all the time. • 她又行了个屈膝礼，由于她的脸一直涨的通红，所以现在不可能涨的更红了。

19. 3 同义词，近义词或意义重复的词，翻译时可适当省略 • 1 He was safe and sound. • 他平安无恙。 • 2 Bacteria capable of causing disease are known as pathoenic,ordisease-prodeducing. • 能引起疾病的细菌称为致病菌。

20. 总结 • 总之，应该记住这样一个原则：简译法是指原文中有些词在译文中不译出来，因为译文中虽无其词已有其意，或者在译文中是不言而喻的；换言之，减译法是删去一些可有可无的，或者有了反嫌累赘或违背译文习惯表达法的词，但减译并不是把原文的某些思想内容删去。