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Understanding Le Chatelier’s Principle: Equilibrium Disturbances and Their Effects

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Le Chatelier’s Principle states that if an equilibrium system is disturbed, it will adjust to counteract the disturbance. This principle covers various disturbances such as changes in concentration, pressure, and temperature. For example, adding Cl2 in the reaction PCl3(g) + Cl2(g) ⇌ PCl5(g) shifts the equilibrium right. Similarly, increasing pressure in gas reactions alters equilibrium positions. Understanding these responses helps predict how systems behave under external changes. Explore the influence of temperature and concentration changes on equilibrium constants and reaction rates.

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Understanding Le Chatelier’s Principle: Equilibrium Disturbances and Their Effects

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  1. Le Chatelier’s principle: if a system at equilibrium is disturbed, the system will move in such a way as to counteract the disturbance.

  2. Types of disturbances: a. Concentration b. Pressure - with gases, relates to concentration c. temperature (energy)

  3. Concentration: PCl3(g) + Cl2 (g)  PCl5(g) add more Cl2? remove some PCl3? Do concentration changes affect the value of K?

  4. Pressure: 4NH3(g) + 5O2(g)  4NO(g) + 6H2O(g) Increase pressure? Decrease pressure? Do pressure changes affect the value of K? CH4(g) + 2S2(g)  CS2(g) + 2H2S(g) increase pressure? CO2(g) + C(s)  2CO(g) increase pressure?

  5. Heat: Ho = - 21.7 kcal CO(g) + 2H2(g)  CH3OH(g) CO(g) + 2H2(g)  CH3OH(g) + heat So RXN is : add Heat? What effect does a heat change have on the value of K? Remove Heat? Then in this case heat is a product. Is this endo or exo thermic?

  6. Heat: 2H2O(g)  2H2(g) + O2(g) H = 484 kJ Is heat a product or a reactant? So: 2H2O(g) + heat 2H2(g) + O2(g) H = 484 kJ add heat? remove heat?

  7. Temp. Changes: N2(g) + O2(g)  2NO(g) K@2500K = 36 x 10-4 K@2000K = 4.1 x 10-4 So is heat a product or a reactant? N2(g) + O2(g) + heat 2NO(g)

  8. External factors affecting Equilibria: Effect: Factor: value of K changes 1. Temp Change 2. Conc. change also pressure changes with gases RXN shifts to maintain value of K since K = constant: Eq mixture is the same, but Eq is reached faster. (rate is increased) 3. catalyst

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