Drought or no drought?

1. How is Your Long-term Financially Feasible Water Efficiency Plan Coming Along?  Drought or no drought?    OR Rusty Harris-Bishop Environmental Engineer NC Div. Pollution Prevention and Environmental Assistance

2. HUH? WHAT? A PLAN? WHY?

3. NC Drought Status

5. Emergency Restrictions 7 Water Systems Voluntary Restrictions 146 Water Systems NC Water Use Restrictions • Mandatory Restrictions • 77 Water Systems September 26, 2002

6. Executive Order #26Water System Protection • All state government agencies discontinue “non-essential” water use until further notice • All such agencies immediately develop and begin implementing long term, financially feasible conservation measures Signed August 15, 2002

7. Benefits of Water Efficiency Programs • Reduces Water Demand • Generally faster, cheaper & easier • Waste and Wastewater Treatment Savings • Reduce and defers costs & pretreatment req. • Less Environmental Impact • Due to less surface and subsurface withdrawals • Sustained Water Quality • New supplies can be of lesser quality

8. Planning forWater Efficiency • Information Collection • Top management support • Determine internal baselines and/or external benchmarks • Determine target areas • Determine best available techniques and technologies -advantages & disadvantages projects • Develop Action plan with timelines & responsibilities • Track & Communicate Results

9. Things to AskYourself • Do we have continuing senior management commitment? • Do we have the information we need? • Have we established a team? • Do we have an Action Plan & schedule? • How are we promoting awareness? • How are we encouraging employee/student participation? • Are contingency plans in the works?

10. Establishing a Baseline • Record incoming water and production information. • Identify all points and amounts of water use (intermittent and continuous). • Determine water quality requirements for each area of water use. • Develop a chart of the various operations and the estimated daily water use.

11. Water Balance – Typical

12. Install aerators on all faucets Put water-filled plastic bottles (milk jugs) or dams in toilet tanks Install low flow showerheads and other plumbing equipment Reduce water pressure Reduce water flow rates at lavatory faucets and at tank-less toilet valves  Turn off water-using equipment when not in use Reduce or eliminate once-through cooling water Turn off air handling and cooling towers at nights and on weekends Attach shut-off nozzles to all hand held hoses Sweep instead of using a hose to clean and implement other dry cleanup techniques Minimize garbage disposal use Low & No-Cost Measures

13. Long Term Conservation/Efficiency Programs: • Delegation of authority • Inventory water uses • Identification and tracking of daily water use – Establishment of a Baseline • Detection & repair of leaks • Installation of water conservation devices/equipment/fixtures as feasible • Employee education and awareness program • Form a rapid response system for fixing leaks and replacing malfunction equipment

14. Water Management Options Sanitary/Domestic Cooling & Heating Kitchen/Food Preparation Cleaning & Rinsing Reuse Landscaping

15. Sanitary/Domestic Efficiency Driving Factor - 1992 Energy Policy Act • Toilet Retrofits • displacement devices, flapper valve, inserts... • 1.6 gpf Toilets • gravity, flushvalve, pressurized flush units • 1.0 gpf Urinals • Maintenance Checklists

16. Payback for Toilet Replacements

17. Replace highest use toilets first Select type carefully Know sewer/sanitary infrastructure Base decisions on current models Educate employees toilet  trash can Check references Consider noise levels Plan for legal disposal/ recycling options Ensuring a Successful Toilet Replacement Project

18. Domestic/Sanitary Continued • Faucets • aerators, flow restrictor, automatic & metered shut-offs • Payback .05-.7 yrs • Showerheads • behavior, leaks, replacements • Payback .25-2.5 yrs • Infrared/Ultrasonic Sensors • Waterless Urinals

19. Cooling & Heating Cooling tower schematic

20. Boiler Water Management • Chemical metering systems • Biocide selection • Improved blowdown techniques (total dissolved solids >= 2000 ppm) • Optimizing temperature requirements

21. Kitchen & Food Prep & Dishwashers • Behavioral • educate staff • report leaks • run racks only when full • Mechanical • recycle final rinse water • use “electric eye” sensors on conveyor systems • use properly sized dishwashers

22. Dishwasher Water Use

23. Kitchen & Food PrepOther Water Use Option • Kitchen Faucets • leaks, aerators, pedal operated controllers • Pre-rinse Sprayers • 1.6 to 2.65 gpm models available • Ice-making Machines • Air Cooled (<50 gal/100 lbs. ice) vs. Water Cooled (120-300 gal/100 lbs. ice) • Garbage Disposal Use

24. Cleaning and RinsingEfficient Washing/Sanitation Techniques • Conduct “Dry Cleanup” First • Use squeegees, brooms, shovels, vacuums; collect residuals for reuse/recycle • Low Volume - High Pressure Nozzles • Air-Assisted Nozzles • Flow Restrictors • Automatic Shut-offs, Timers • Proper Equipment, Technique, & Training • (e.g. do not use a hose as a broom)

25. Other Process Water Reuse Measures • Reuse of once through, non-contact cooling water for next process bath or for pre-heat • Reuse of oil/water separator filtrate for mop water or paint booth water curtains • Use of reverse osmosis reject water for cooling tower make-up • Condensate recovery & reuse • Other ideas?

26. LandscapingWater Efficiency • Naturescaping • Planning & Design • Soil Analysis & Improvement • Proper Plant Selection • Practical Turf Areas • Efficient Irrigation • Use Mulches • Proper Maintenance • Watering Guidance

27. Remember the Typical Institutional Water Balance

28. The Cost of Water Units of water X $/unit (water) Units of water X $/unit (sewerage charge ) = Your water bill

29. Recycle water Improve maintenance to replace parts Use domestic water efficiency measures Change operational practices Adjust cooling tower blowdown Repair leaks Reduce irrigation schedules Adjust equipment Install spray nozzles Install/replace automatic shut-offs Reduce dishwasher loads Turn off equipment when not in use Top Water Efficiency Measures

30. State Agencies Actions • Exec Order 26 Water System Protection Participation • Voluntary Compliance with Local Government Restrictions • Establish Baseline Water Use • Prepare for USI participation

31. Resources • Technical Assistance & On-site Assessments -NCDPPEA – Rusty Harris-Bishop, (919) 733-4398, rusty.harris-bishop@ncmail.net -Terry Albrecht (828) 251-6622, terry.albrecht@ncmail.net • Fact Sheets, Checklists, Manuals, Posterswww.SustainableNC.org/water.htm • Water Efficiency Manual http://www.p2pays.org/ref/01/00692.pdf • NC Drought Information:www.ncwater.org • State Agency Mandates:www.SustainableNC.org

32. Checklists • Office Buildings • Dormitory/Group Living Operations • Food Service Operations • Hospitals/Medical Facilities • Industrial Laundering Operations • Landscaping/Irrigation • Schools • & bunch of Factsheets • Posters • Water Conservation Poster • Water Conservation Workplace Tips • PosterWater Conservation Message • Drip Reporting Checklists and Posters www.SustainableNC.org/water.htm

33. "When the well is dry, we know the worth of water." --Benjamin Franklin