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Principles of Good Laboratory Animal Health: Guidelines & Best Practices

Learn the sound principles of laboratory animal health, including husbandry, monitoring programs, and disease prevention. Understand animal health status categories, monitoring techniques, and the importance of creating a conducive animal house environment.

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Principles of Good Laboratory Animal Health: Guidelines & Best Practices

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  1. Laboratory Animal Health Peter Nowlan I

  2. Principles of Good Laboratory Animal Health Sound principles of animal husbandry • nutrition • water • bedding • light • sound • temperature • ventilation

  3. Principles of Good Laboratory Animal Health Animals • source of animals • reputable breeders • LABAAS scheme/FELASA • use of animal health monitoring programmes • quarantine

  4. Principles of Good Laboratory Animal Health Animal health monitoring programmes • principle of programmes • sample size (>2 weanlings, >4 young adults, >4adults) • frequency of monitoring (every 3 -6 months) • sample types (serum, bacteriology, faeces, skin) • FELASA lists of viruses, bacteria, endoparasites • gross pathology

  5. No. ANTIGENS 1. Minute virus of mice (MVM) 2. Mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) 3. Pneumonia virus of mice (PVM) 4. Reovirus type 3 (Reo3) 5. Sendai virus 6. Theiler’s encephalomyelitis 7. Hanta viruses 8. Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCM) 9. Ectromelia virus 10. * Lactate dehyrogenase virus (LDV) 11. ** Mouse adenovirus (MAd) 12. ** Mouse pneumonitis virus (K) 13. ** Mouse polyoma virus 14. ** Mouse thymic virus (MTV) 15. ** Mouse rotavirus (EDIM) 16. ** Mouse cytomegalovirus (MCMV)

  6. Animal health status categories Definitions • Conventional - harbouring “normal indigenous, but undefined organisms • Specific pathogen free (SPF) - free from pathogens, which can be specified, but otherwise with an undefined microflora • Germ-free -free from any other detectable form of life • Gnotobiotic - an animal or system in which all the life forms are known Applications of the various categories of animal health status

  7. Animal house design and health • rodent control • Barrier systems • isolation/quarantine • layout

  8. Barrier systems • Full Barrier shower in / autoclave materials • Individually Ventilated Racks • Isolators • Clean areas

  9. Full Barrier shower in/ autoclave materials • Normally used for core breeding colonies • Minimum people in • Shower and full change of Clothes • All materials sterilises on entry / autoclave/ irradiated/ chemical sterilisation • Video

  10. Individually Ventilated Cages • Used In a Clean Room • All materials sterilised • Personnel change going into room • All manipulations take placein laminar flow • Video

  11. Isolation Quarantine All animals entering an area must be quarantined And Monitored to an appropriate standard e.g. FELASA

  12. Clean Room • It is often desirable to hold animals in conventional areas for short periods while under experiment . • This can be done under clean room • Not SPF but maintain barriers

  13. Diseases of mice • MVM/ MPV – infect rapidly growing tissues/ Immuno modulatory • MHV – decreases of skin graft rejection • Helicobacter ( prolapse in IL10 KO) • Sendai - increase in killer cell mediated cytotoxicity • Pneumocystis Carinii ( immuno suppressed animals pneumonia ) • Pin Worms ( alters humoral response to no parasitic antigenic stimuli) • http://www.lal.org.uk/pdffiles/gvsolas.pdf

  14. Bacterial infections of mice • Bordetella - respiratory system (surgery) • Leptospira - zoonosis • Mycoplasma - respiratory system • Salmonellae - zoonosis

  15. Endoparasitic infections of mice • Eimeria spp. • Giardia spp. • Helminths (Syphacia obvelata)

  16. Zoonoses • Disease transmissible from animal to man • Leptospirosis • Salmonellosis • LCM • Ringworm • Toxoplasmosis • Toxocariasis

  17. Zoonosis prevention • Common sense • Good hygiene practices • Protective clothing • Proper working areas (classes of pathogen) • Health and safety personnel • Vaccination

  18. Conclusions Keeping animals physically and mentally healthy will help to ensure the quality of experimental data and thereby reduce the need to repeat studies

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