DSP Implementation on FPGA

1. DSP Implementation on FPGA Ahmed Elhossini ENGG*6090 : Reconfigurable Computing Systems Winter 2006

2. References • Reconfigurable Computing for Digital Signal Processing: A Survey , RUSSELL TESSIER AND WAYNE BURLESON, Journal of VLSI Signal Processing 28, 7–27, 2001 • FPGA implementations of fast Fourier transforms for real-time signal and image processing, I.S. Uzun, A. Amira and A. Bouridane , IEE Proc.-Vis. Image Signal Process., Vol. 152, No. 3, June 2005. • Image Processing Algorithms on Reconfigurable Architecture using HandelC, V Muthukumar and Daggu Venkateshwar Rao, Proceedings of the EUROMICRO Systems on Digital System Design (DSD’04). • Experiences on developing computer vision hardware algorithms using Xilinx system generator, Ana Toledo Moreo, Pedro Navarro Lorente, F. Soto Valles, Juan Suardı´az Muro*, Carlos Ferna´ndez Andre´s , Microprocessors and Microsystems 29 (2005) 411–419 DSP Implementation on FPGA

3. Introduction • The application domain of digital signal processing over the past decade expanded because of the advance in VLSI technology. • ASIC and programmable DSP processors was the implementation mechanisms of choice for many DSP applications. • In the last few decades new system implementations based on reconfigurable computing are being considered. • They offer the functional efficiency of hardware and the programmability of software. • These flexible platforms are quickly maturing in logic capacity of programmable devices and the availability of embedded modules (Multipliers and Hard Cores). DSP Implementation on FPGA

4. Architectural Requirements for DSP • Data path configured for DSP • Fixed-point arithmetic • MAC- Multiply-accumulate • Multiple memory banks and buses • Specialized addressing modes • Bit-reversed addressing • Circular buffers • Specialized execution control • Specialized peripherals for DSP DSP Implementation on FPGA

5. Choice Measures • Performance. • Cost • Power • Flexibility DSP Implementation on FPGA

6. DSP Implementation DSP Implementation on FPGA

7. Topics Covered • FFT Implementation of FPGA. • Image Processing Algorithms on Reconfigurable Architecture using Handel-C. • Experiences on developing computer vision hardware algorithms using Xilinx system generator. DSP Implementation on FPGA

8. Handle C • Handel-C is essentially an extended subset of the standard ANSI-C language, specifically designed for use in a hardware environment. • Unlike other C to FPGA tools Handel-C allows hardware to be directly targeted fromsoftware, allowing a more efficient implementation to be created. DSP Implementation on FPGA

9. Xilinx System Generator • System Generator is a tool box added to MATLAB simulink. • It allow a graphical representation of the algorithm. • Includes many blocks that are commonly used by DSP algorithms. • Allow converting directly to HDLs. DSP Implementation on FPGA

10. FPGA implementations of fast Fourier transforms forreal-time signal and image processing I.S. Uzun, A. Amira A. Bouridane IEE Proc.-Vis. Image Signal Process., Vol. 152, No. 3, June 2005

11. Target • The design and implementation of a parametrisable architecture, which provides a framework for the implementation of different types of 1-D FFT algorithms. • The development of an FPGA-based FFT library by implementing radix-2, radix-4, split-radix and FHT algorithms in order to provide system designers and engineers with the flexibility to meet different system requirements (such as chip area, memory etc.) with given hardware resources. • The evaluation and comparison of hardware implementations of aforementioned FFT algorithms. The performance measures to be considered in comparisons are the computation speed, maximum system frequency, chip area and memory usage. • The design and implementation of a generic parallel 2-D FFT architecture for real-time image processing applications for use to enhance large medical and astronomical images using frequency-domain filtering techniques. • The development of an FPGA-based parametrisable system for frequency-domain filtering of large images. DSP Implementation on FPGA

12. FFT Implementation on FPGA • Implementing 4 Different Transforms • Radix 2 FFT • Radix 4 FFT • Split Radix FFT • Fast Hartley transform • Introduce a parallel version of the 2D parallel FFT transform based on Radix 2 and Radix 4. • Make use of more FFT processing elements to perform computation. DSP Implementation on FPGA

13. Proposed system for FFT implementation DSP Implementation on FPGA

14. Butter-Fly Used With Different Architectures DSP Implementation on FPGA

15. Functional block diagram of 1-D FFT processor architecture DSP Implementation on FPGA

16. Block diagram of radix-2 butterfly used in FPGA FFT processor DSP Implementation on FPGA

17. Architectural block diagram of AGU DSP Implementation on FPGA

18. Computation time (us) of different algorithms for 1024 point FFT DSP Implementation on FPGA

19. Functional block diagram of parallel 2-D FFT processor architecture DSP Implementation on FPGA

20. Computation time and Device utilization DSP Implementation on FPGA

21. 2-D FFT performance comparison with existing FPGA-based designs DSP Implementation on FPGA

22. Conclusion • This work introduces an implementation platform for FFT Transforms. • Handle-C is used as the description language. • A comparison of this implementation shows a lower execution time with a reasonable resource utilization. DSP Implementation on FPGA

23. Image Processing Algorithms on Reconfigurable Architecture using HandelC V Muthukumar and Daggu Venkateshwar Rao Proceedings of the EUROMICRO Systems on Digital System Design (DSD’04)

24. Target • In this work the canny edge detection architecture for 2D images has been developed using reconfigurable architecture and hardware modeled using Handle-C. • The algorithm involve the implementation of different image processing algorithms such as: • First the image is smoothed by Gaussian Convolution which is 5x5 convolution operation. • Morphological Operation, which is 3x3 operator on the image. • 2D convolution. DSP Implementation on FPGA

25. Implementation • The algorithm is modeled using Handle-C. • It is implemented using the EDK2 and RC1000-PP XilinxVertex-E FPGA. This chip doesn’t have any embedded multiplier. • The hardware implementation is compared to a software implementation using a PC with pentium processor at 1300MHz Frequancy. DSP Implementation on FPGA

26. Architecture of 3x3 moving window DSP Implementation on FPGA

27. Edge Detection Architecture DSP Implementation on FPGA

28. Results DSP Implementation on FPGA

29. Results DSP Implementation on FPGA

30. Conclusion • Handle C is used to implement 2D convolution which is used to implement edge detection. • The implementation is compared to VC++ implementation on P3 1300MHz processer, and shows a better performance. DSP Implementation on FPGA

31. Experiences on developing computer vision hardware algorithms using Xilinx system generator Ana Toledo Moreo, Pedro Navarro Lorente, F. Soto Valles, Juan Suardı´az Muro*, Carlos Ferna´ndez Andre´s Microprocessors and Microsystems 29 (2005) 411–419

32. Target • This paper shows how the Xilinx system generator (XSG) environment can be used to develop hardware-based computer vision algorithms from a system level approach, which makes it suitable for developing co-design environments. DSP Implementation on FPGA

33. Application Examples • Binarization algorithm • Converting a gray scale image into a black and white binary image. • Xilinx System Generator is used to implement this unit. • Compared with a VHDL implementation. • Generalized convolution blocks • Convolution is one of the basic image processing algorithms. • Xilinx System Generator is used to implement different type of algorithms. DSP Implementation on FPGA

34. Modular-blockset-based hardware binarization block DSP Implementation on FPGA

35. VHDL-based hardware binarization block DSP Implementation on FPGA

36. Hardware convolution block DSP Implementation on FPGA

37. Hardware binarization block implementation results DSP Implementation on FPGA

38. Generalized hardware convolution implementation results DSP Implementation on FPGA

39. Results DSP Implementation on FPGA

40. Conclusion • This work demonstrate the use of Xilinx System Generator to implement Image processing algorithm. • A comparison is made to the VHDL implementation and show a competitive results. DSP Implementation on FPGA

41. Results DSP Implementation on FPGA

42. Conclusion • In this review 3 different papers on implementing DSP algorithms on FPGA are demonstrated. • Handle C is an efficient tool to implement DSP algorithms and provide a competitive result to those of current HDLs. • Xilinx System Generator , which is tool based on MathWorks MATLAB, is an good tool to implement DSP systems. • Modern tools for implementing DSP algorithms could be used to replace the current HDLs. DSP Implementation on FPGA

43. Thank You Questions ?