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[ 主谓一致 ] 主谓一致指的是句子的谓语动词与其主语在数上必须保持一致。

[ 主谓一致 ] 主谓一致指的是句子的谓语动词与其主语在数上必须保持一致。 其主要遵循三个原则: 1. 语法一致原则; 2. 意义一致原则; 3. 就近一致原则。下面重点谈后面两个原则。. 一、意义一致的原则 1. 谓语动词为单数的情况 (1) 由连词 and 连接的并列成分指的是同一概念,兼具身份 或匹配出现。 The painter and writer is Liu Yong. 那个画家兼作家是刘墉。 (2) “ no/each/every/many a +单数名词+ and + no/each/

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[ 主谓一致 ] 主谓一致指的是句子的谓语动词与其主语在数上必须保持一致。

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  1. [主谓一致] 主谓一致指的是句子的谓语动词与其主语在数上必须保持一致。 其主要遵循三个原则:1.语法一致原则;2.意义一致原则;3.就近一致原则。下面重点谈后面两个原则。

  2. 一、意义一致的原则 1.谓语动词为单数的情况 (1)由连词and连接的并列成分指的是同一概念,兼具身份 或匹配出现。 The painter and writer is Liu Yong. 那个画家兼作家是刘墉。 (2)“no/each/every/many a+单数名词+and+no/each/ every/many a+单数名词”作主语。

  3. Every man and every woman has a good reason to be proud of the work done by their fathers.每一个人都很有理由为 他们的父亲所从事的工作感到骄傲。 (3)“one/every one/each/either/the number+of+复数名词” 作主语。 Each of the students has a book. 每个学生都有一本书。

  4. 1.谓语动词为单数的情况 (1)由连词and连接的并列成分指的是同一概念,兼具身份 或匹配出现。 The painter and writer is Liu Yong. 那个画家兼作家是刘墉。 (2)“no/each/every/many a+单数名词+and+ no/each/ every/many a+单数名词”作主语。

  5. Every man and every woman has a good reason to be proud of the work done by their fathers.每一个人都很有 理由为他们的父亲所从事的工作感到骄傲。 (3)“one/every one/each/either/the number+of+复数名 词”作主语。 Each of the students has a book. 每个学生都有一本书。

  6. 1.(2009·江苏高考)At present,one of the arguments in favor of the new airportthat it will bring a lot of jobs to the area. A.isB.are C.will be D.was 解析:考查主谓一致。句中的in favor of the new airport是介词短语作后置定语,修饰arguments。根据句中的one of可知谓语动词用单数形式,再结合时间状语At present可判断用一般现在时。 答案:A

  7. (4)clothing,furniture,traffic,jewellery,baggage, equipment,luggage等无生命的集体名词作主语。 Clothing is badly needed in this flooded area. 洪水灾害地区急需衣物。 (5)以s结尾的表示学科、国家、机构、书籍、报刊等名称 的词作主语。 Physics is one of my favourite subjects. 物理是我最喜欢的科目之一。

  8. (6)表示时间、距离、金钱等复数名词作主语,表达一个整(6)表示时间、距离、金钱等复数名词作主语,表达一个整 体概念。 Three weeks is a long time to wait for an answer. 对于等待一个答案来说,三周是一段很长的时间。 (7)由every­,any­,some­,no­和­one,­thing,­body等所 构成的不定代词作主语。 Is everybody here today?今天每个人都在这儿吗?

  9. (8)非谓语动词、名词性从句作主语。 Persuading him to join us seems really hard. 劝他加入我们看起来确实难。 To go to bed early and to rise early is a good habit. 早睡早起是一个好的习惯。 Whatever was left was taken away. 无论剩下了什么都被拿走了。

  10. [温馨提示]what引导的主语从句,谓语动词一般用单数[温馨提示]what引导的主语从句,谓语动词一般用单数 形式,但若从句谓语或从句后的表语是复数形式,则谓语 动词用复数形式。 What they need are books.他们需要的是书。

  11. 2.谓语动词用复数的情况 (1)由and连接的两个并列成分表示两个不同的概念。 Both bread and butter are sold out. 面包和黄油都卖完了。 (2)people,police,cattle等有生命的集体名词作主语。 People read for pleasure during their spare time. 人们闲暇时以读书为乐。

  12. (3)一些常用作复数或只有复数形式的名词,如goods,stairs, arms等作主语。 The goods are cheap.商品都很便宜。 (4)由山脉、群岛、瀑布、运动会等以s结尾的专有名词作主语。 The Olympic Games are held once every four years. 奥运会每四年举行一次。 (5)a number of/quantities of/a group of+名词作主语。 A number of the other plants were found in America. 在美国发现了大量的其他植物。

  13. 3.谓语动词单、复数视情况而定 (1)集体名词class,family,army,team,club, population,enemy,party,crowd,crew,audience, public,government,majority,group等作主语,强调 整体时谓语动词用单数,指个体成员用复数。 The population in China is very large and 80% of the population live in rural areas. 中国人口很多,其中80%的人住在农村。

  14. 2.(2009·江苏高考)The population of Jiangsuto more than twice what it was in 1949.The figure is now approaching 74 million. A.has grownB.have grown C.grew D.are growing 解析:考查动词的时态与主谓一致。根据句意可知江苏的人口已经增长到了1949年的两倍多,因此应该使用现在完成时,人口作为一个整体时谓语动词使用单数形式。 答案:A

  15. (2)单复数同形的名词作主语时,谓语形式要根据其具体含 义而定,这类词有:means,works,pains,deer, fish,sheep等。 Every means has been tried to solve the problem,but none is effective.每种方法都试过,但没有一个有效。 There are various means of communicating with a stranger.同陌生人交流有很多不同的方法。

  16. (3)“kind,sort,pair,type+名词”作主语,以这些名词 本身的单复数而定。 This kind of paper is made of straw. 这种纸是由稻草制成的。 Some kinds of animals are dying out. 一些种类的动物要灭绝了。

  17. (4)all,none,some,any等不定代词作主语,根据其指代 的内容而定。 All is going on very well.一切顺利。 All are present besides the professor. 包括教授在内大家都在。

  18. (5)“half/most/enough/part/the rest/the last/lots/plenty/ 分数/百分数+of+名词”作主语,谓语动词要和of之后 的名词单复数保持一致。 A lot of students are coming to the meeting. 有很多学生要来开会。 A lot of work is to be done to prepare for the conference. 准备这次会议需要做大量的工作。

  19. 二、就近一致原则 • 1.由or,either...or...,neither...nor...,not only....but also... • 等连接的并列主语,谓语动词常与最近的主语在单复数 • 上保持一致。 • Neither you nor I am fit for the work. • 你和我都不适合这份工作。 • Are neither you nor I fit for the work? • 你和我都不适合这份工作吗?

  20. [温馨提示]“with/along with/together , with/including/ but/except/like/as well as/no more than/besides/rather than+名词”置于主语后,谓语动词一般仍与前面的名词 在单复数上保持一致。 Henry,rather than Jane and John,is responsible for the loss.损失的责任应由亨利而不是简和约翰来承担。

  21. 3.(2009·湖南高考)Either you or one of your studentsto attend the meeting that is due tomorrow. A.are B.is C.have D.be 解析:考查主谓一致。either...or...连接两个代词或名词作主语时,谓语动词依其最近的代词或名词确定。故答案选B。 答案:B

  22. 4. (2009·四川高考)The teacher together with the studen tsdiscussing Reading Skills thatnewly published in America. A.are;were B.is;were C.are;was D.is;was 解析:考查主谓一致。主语后接由with,except,as well as,no less than,rather than,more than,over,besides,together with,like,including,in addition to等构成的短语时,谓语动词仍与前面的主语保持一致;书名、剧名、报名、国名、地名等作主语时,谓语动词常用单数形式。题中Reading Skills为书名。 答案:D

  23. 2.由there,here引起的主语不止一个时,谓语通常和最邻 近的主语保持一致。 There is a lake and some hills around it. 那里有个湖,四周被几座山环绕着。

  24. [倒 装] 倒装分为完全倒装和部分倒装两种。谓语全部放在主语 之前为完全倒装,而谓语的一部分(如助动词,连系动词 be,情态动词等)在主语之前为部分倒装。

  25. 一、完全倒装 1.up,down,in,away,off,out等副词置于句首,主语 是名词而不是人称代词时,用完全倒装。 Away flew the bird!鸟飞走了! 2.表示地点、方向等的介词短语放在句首,并且谓语为不 及物动词(如sit,live,stand,run,come等)主语为名词 时,用完全倒装。 Through the window came in the sweet music. 从窗子里传来了优美的音乐。

  26. 3.there,here,now,then引导的句子及there/here be (exist)引导表“存在”的句子时用完全倒装。若主语为 人称代词,则用陈述语序。 There goes the bell.铃响了。 Here you are.给你。

  27. 5.(2009·福建高考)For a moment nothing happened. Thenall shouting together. A.voices had come B.came voices C.voices would come D.did voices come 解析:考查倒装结构。表示时间的副词now,then及表示 方位的副词here,there等位于句首,与位移性动词come, go,arrive等连用,且主语不是人称代词,此时用完全倒 装。从前一句可知此处描述的是过去的事情,所以用一般 过去时。 答案:B

  28. 4.表语位于句首时,其倒装结构为“表语+连系动词+主 语”。 (1)形容词+系动词+主语 Present at the meeting were some scientists from China. 许多来自中国的科学家出席了会议。

  29. (2)过去分词+系动词+主语 Gone are the days when we were poor. 我们贫穷的日子一去不复返了。 (3)介词短语+系动词+主语 In each room are ten students. 每个房间里有10个学生。

  30. 二、部分倒装 1.“only+状语/状语从句”位于句首时,用部分倒装。 如不在句首或虽在句首但only不修饰状语时用正常语序。 Only then did we realize that the man was blind. 直到那时我们才意识到那个人是个盲人。 Only I can go there.只有我能去那里。

  31. 6.(2008·江西高考)It was announced that only when the fire was under controlto return to their homes. A.the residents would be permitted B.had the residents been permitted C.would the residents be permitted D.the residents had been permitted

  32. 解析:考查倒装句的用法。only+when从句引导的句子中主句该用倒装,故答案在B、C两项中选择,又根据语境可知,the residents被允许回家是在the fire被控制之后而非之前,故不能用过去完成时,排除B。故答案为C。 答案:C

  33. 7.(2008·江苏高考)you eat the correct foodsbe able to keep fit and stay healthy. A.Only if;will you B.Only if;you will C.Unless;will you D.Unless;you will 解析: 考查倒装结构。only后面接状语从句且位于句首时,主句部分要使用倒装结构。 答案:A

  34. 2.含有否定意义的副词或词组(never,seldom,not, little,hardly,by no means,in no time等)位于句首, 句子要部分倒装。 Never before have I seen such a moving film. 我从未看过如此感人的电影。

  35. 3.hardly...when,no sooner...than,not only...but also等引 导两个分句时,前一个分句用部分倒装,后一个分句不 变。但当neither...nor引导两个分句时,两个分句都要部 分倒装。 Hardly had he begun to speak when his father stopped him. 他刚一开始说话他父亲就制止了他。 Neither do I know,nor does she. 我不知道,她也不知道。

  36. 8.(2009·全国卷Ⅰ)The computer was used in teaching.As a result,not noly ,but students became more interested in the lessons. A.saved was teachers' energy B.was teachers' energy saved C.teachers' energy was saved D.was saved teachers' energy

  37. 解析:考查倒装语序。在not only...but also...句型中,当 not only置于第一个分句句首时,第一个分句要用部分倒 装语序。又因为第一个分句为被动句,因此最佳答案为B。 答案:B

  38. 4.so/neither/nor置于句首,意为“也(不)”,表示前面所说 的情况也适用于另一个人或事物时,要部分倒装,其句型为 “so/neither/nor+be/助动词/情态动词+主语...”。So 与前 面的肯定句呼应;neither,nor与前面的否定句相呼应。 They love having lots of friends;so do those with disabilities. 他们喜欢拥有许多朋友,残疾人也是如此。

  39. Lily can't ride;neither/nor can Lucy. 莉莉不会骑自行车,露西也不会。 I don't know who he is,nor do I want to know. 我不知道他是谁,我也不想知道。

  40. [温馨提示] so表示“是的,确实”时,主谓语不倒装。 —She is charming. —So she is. “她很迷人。”“确实如此。”

  41. 9.(2008·辽宁高考)Bill wasn't happy about the delay of the report by Jason,and. A.I was neither B.neither was I C.I was either D.either was I 解析:考查倒装。表示别人的情况也适合自己,如果是肯定的,常用so+be/助动词/情态动词+主语;如果是否定结构,常用neither/nor+be/助动词/情态动词+主语。wasn't happy是否定的,所以答案为B。 答案:B

  42. 5.在so...that...句式中,如果so引导的部分位于句首时,主 句中的主语和谓语需用部分倒装。 So clearly does he speak English that he can always make himself understood. 他英语说得如此清晰以至于别人总能明白他的意思。 6.though/as引导让步状语从句时,意为“尽管”,通常把 句中状语、表语或动词提前;若表语是名词,其前不加 冠词。

  43. Try as I might,I couldn't bring him round. 我虽然付出了很大努力,但还是说服不了他。 Young as/though she is,she has seen much of the world. 她虽然年轻,但却见过很多世面。 Woman as she is,she is courageous. 尽管是位女士,但她很勇敢。

  44. 10.(2009·重庆高考)Unsatisfiedwith the payment, he took the job just to get some work experience. A.though was he B.though he was C.he was though D.was he though 解析:考查倒装句。在让步状语从句中,可以将从句中的表语提前,构成“表语+though/as+主语+……”。这句话的意思是:虽然他对那份工作的报酬不满意,但是他为了得到一些工作经验还是接受了它。 答案:B

  45. 7.当if引导的虚拟条件从句中含有had,were或should等 时,如将if省略,则要将had,were或should等移到语之前。 Had I attended the meeting,I would have met Jim. 要是我去参加会议了,我就会见到吉姆了。

  46. [强调句] 一、It is/was...that/who...句型 这种句型可以对句中的主语、表语、宾语、同位语、 状语等进行充分强调,以达到突出信息的交际目的。

  47. 当被强调部分为表示“人”的名词时,可用that或who; 其他情况下则用that。 1.强调句的一般疑问句句型 Is/Was it+被强调的部分+that/who...? Was it Jack that/who you met in the supermarket yesterday? 你昨天在超市见到的是杰克吗?

  48. 2.强调句的特殊疑问句句型 疑问词+is/was+it+that/who...? Where was it that you met Jack yesterday? 你昨天在哪儿见到杰克的?

  49. 11.(2009·山东高考)I just wonder that makes him so excited. A.why it does B.what he does C.how it is D.what it is 解析:考查强调句型在宾语从句中的用法。“What is it that....?”是强调句型的特殊疑问句式,这里是宾语从 句,故应用陈述语序。 答案:D

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