USGS Report to the CEOS WGCV 27 th Meeting

1. USGS Report to the CEOS WGCV 27th Meeting Dates: June 11-15, 2007 at NPL UK Gyanesh Chander, John Dwyer – SAIC at USGS EROS Greg Stensaas – USGS EROS

2. Outline • Landsat-5/7 Status • Three principle initiatives in Land Remote Sensing (LRS) • The Landsat Data Continuity Mission (LDCM) • The Landsat Data Gap Study Team (LDGST), and • The Future of Land Imaging (FLI) • World-wide test sites

3. Landsat-5 TM Mission Status Landsat 5 TM • L5 celebrated 23-years of on-orbit operations! • Solar Array Drive Malfunction • Both primary and redundant drives failed • On 8/14/2006, placed solar array in fixed position Landsat 7 ETM+ • On orbit for 8 years • Switch normal operations over to ETM+ Bumper mode on Apr 1, 2007 • Scan Line Corrector (SLC) malfunction (May 31, 2003) • These gaps represent a data loss of ~ 25% for any given scene • New capability to improve the SLC-off data products

4. Landsat End-of-Mission Statements Based on the best atmospheric-drag models and fuel-budget estimates available at the time, NASA and the USGS informed the Administration in June 2005 that decommissioning procedures would commence for Landsats 5 and 7 around October 2010. This projection was most likely a factor in the Administration's December 2005 decision to move forward with a free-flyer LDCM mission as soon as possible. The USGS and NASA, as Landsat Program Management, are not going to announce new decommissioning dates since a subsystem failure could terminate the Landsat 5 or Landsat 7 mission at any time. We will, however, tell interested parties that, while the original October 2010 estimate remains in place, the USGS intends to operate the satellites beyond 2010 as atmospheric drag conditions, resulting fuel budgets, and subsystem performance allow."

5. Comparison of L5 TM Radiometric Calibration Methods (Pre-launch, IC, Vicarious, LUT03, LUT07)

6. Landsat Web-enabled Data Pilot • As of June 4 2007, the USGS will be releasing selected Landsat 7 image data of the United States through the Web. • Through: http://glovis.usgs.gov/ or http://earthexplorer.usgs.gov/. • These data are of high quality with limited cloud cover. • This Web-enabled distribution of new and recently acquired data is a pilot project for the LDCM • The project will allow the Landsat data user community to help refine the distribution system planned for the upcoming LDCM. Each scene will be registered to the terrain, or ‘ortho-rectified,' prior to being placed on the Web • Copies of these data will also be available on CD or DVD at the cost of reproduction. • The pilot project will be carefully examined. • Customer response will be evaluated and their insight will influence the future distribution system.

7. Landsat Web-enabled Data Pilot • Landsat 7 SLC-off data • US only – includes Alaska and Hawaii • L7 ETM+ SLC-off only – 2003 to present (and ongoing) • < 10% cloud cover • 9 quality • Recipe • Pixel size: 14.25m/28.5m/57m • Media type: Download (no cost), CD/DVD ($50) • Product type: L1T (terrain-corrected) • Output format: GeoTIFF • Map projection: UTM • Orientation: North up • Resampling: Cubic convolution

8. Web-enabled Pilot

9. Web-enabled Pilot

10. Landsat-5/7 Reception Network • L7 backup Network: SGS • L7 US Network: LGS, PF1 • L7 IGS Network: UPR, COA, HOA, DKI, HIJ • L5 Backup Command Network: AGO, MIL, PF1, WPS • US Network: LGS, GLC • L5 IGS Network: HOA , BKT, HAJ, BJC, IKR, MOR, MPS, MTI, JSA, COA, CUB, GNC, PAC

11. U.S. Landsat Archive Overview(Marketable Scenes through April 30, 2007) • ETM+: Landsat 7 • 715,503 scenes • 664TB RCC and L0Ra Data • Archive grows by 260GB Daily • TM: Landsat 4 & Landsat 5 • 696,078 scenes • 349TB of RCC and L0Ra Data • Archive Grows by 40GB Daily • MSS: Landsat 1 through 5 • 649,417 scenes • 19TB of Data

12. Sales of Landsat

13. Landsat Image Viewer • http://earthnow.usgs.gov • Total unique users since November: 28,579 • Average # of passes per person viewed: 9.5 • Maximum visitors in one day: 1,994

14. Landsat active data collection campaigns Burn Severity Atlas support Sawtooth and Millard Fires, CA 13 July 2006 Night image: 6,7,5 Mosaic of Antarctica Over 1,000 scenes in Antarctic collection http://lima.usgs.gov Landsat scenes available for download at no cost Mosaic products still in work Indian Ocean Campaign Over 1,200 scenes collected Early estimates indicate that ~10% of the scenes analyzed have shallow-water hazards

15. Mid-Decadal Global Land Survey • Follow-on to decadal orthorectified global data sets (1975, 1990, and 2000 epochs) centered on 2004-2006 • Phase 1: identify all candidate scenes and ingest into the USGS archive (USGS lead) • Phase 2: Process selected data into an orthorectified dataset compatible with previous surveys (NASA lead) • Phase 3: Analyze data set to quantify trends in land cover and vegetation dynamics (NASA LCLUC) http://mdgls.umd.edu

16. LDCM Key Dates • 1999: Landsat 7 launch • 2001-3: Unsuccessful attempt at government-industry “data buy” • 2004-5: Concept to place LDCM on NPOESS proved too complex • 2005: White House directed NASA to acquire and USGS to operate a free-flyer LDCM spacecraft • 2006-7: NASA/USGS team developing operations concepts and requirements; Preparing and executing procurements for space and ground segments • July 2011: Targeted LDCM launch readiness date; Followed by 90 day on-orbit checkout and acceptance

17. NASA / USGS LDCM Responsibilities • NASA will: • Acquire the space segment, mission ops systems, and launch services • Perform overall mission systems engineering and integration • Manage space segment early on-orbit ops from launch to acceptance • After on-orbit acceptance, transition ops responsibility to the USGS • Co-chair the Landsat Science Team • USGS will: • Acquire and operate the ground system including data networks, image collection scheduling, archive, processing, and distribution systems • Perform ground system integration and support mission integration • Operate and maintain the LDCM mission following on-orbit acceptance • Co-chair and fund the Landsat Science Team

18. Landsat Science Team Study Topics • First Science Team meeting held January 9-11, 2007 • Second Meeting being held June 12-14, 2007 • The Science Team has defined 4 Working Groups • Mission Operations (LTAP-8) • Data Products • Future Missions, Outreach, and Advocacy • Instrument Engineering

19. Landsat Science Team Study Topics • Mission operations – What are the key operations issues affecting the acquisition strategy, such as the role of international cooperators, impacts of off-nadir acquisition, LTAP, etc.? • Future of Land Imaging – How can the science team express their support of FLI while emphasizing the necessity to include end-user perspectives in the planning process? • USGS Landsat data distribution – What is the USGS vision and policy plans for distribution of past, present, and future Landsat data? • Data gap mitigation implementation – What are the specific implementation plans and how will the implementation plans be expedited if a data gap begins sooner than expected? • International Cooperator relationship – How can the Landsat data user community improve their understanding of the capabilities and data holdings of International Cooperators?

20. Spectral Characterization Tool – LDCM Webpagehttp://ldcm.usgs.gov/viewer.php

21. Landsat Data Gap Study Team (LDGST) • The Earth observation community is facing a probable gap in Landsat data continuity before LDCM data arrive in ~2011 • A data gap will interrupt a 34+ yr time series of land observations • LANDSAT DATA GAP STUDY- Technical & Implementation Report Initial Data Characterization, Science Utility and Mission Capability Evaluation of Candidate Landsat Mission Data Gap Sensors

22. AWiFS USDA Data Holdings

23. Online Catalogue of World-wide Test Sites for the Post-Launch Characterization & Calibration of Optical Sensors • A whitepaper is drafted that provides a comprehensive list of prime candidate terrestrial targets for consideration as benchmark sites for the post-launch radiometric calibration of space-based instruments • USGS is working on creating an online catalogue that provides easy public web site access to this vital information for the global community • The next step is to work with international agencies and organizations to refine the list further and to provide additional key information needed to characterize each site.

24. Test Site Catalogue

25. Test Site Example page

26. CEOS Calibration-Validation Sites African Desert Sites • World-wide Cal/Val Sites for • Monitoring various sensors • Cross calibration • Integrated science applications • Prime Sites for data collection • Site description • Surface Measurements • FTP access via Cal/Val portals • Supports GEO Tasks ALOS Cal/Val sites Landsat Super sites