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資訊科技

POS 2007. Ch 02. 資訊科技. 余德成 國立高雄海洋科技大學 運籌管理系 2007.9.17. 大綱. 前言 IT 的定義 Information management Information logistics POS and IT 結語. 前言. 運籌，儼然成為經濟動脈與企業管理主流之一。由於消費者對產品的多樣性以及交貨速度之需求益為迫切，各產業必須從供應鏈中尋覓可能的利基，透過人才、資金與資訊科技的種種結合，整合企業內運輸、倉儲、裝卸、包裝和配送等各項營運活動，以提升其附加價值。而企業在運籌管理上的成敗，係取決於其運籌競爭力

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資訊科技

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  1. POS 2007 Ch02 資訊科技 余德成 國立高雄海洋科技大學運籌管理系 2007.9.17

  2. 大綱 • 前言 • IT的定義 • Information management • Information logistics • POS and IT • 結語

  3. 前言 • 運籌，儼然成為經濟動脈與企業管理主流之一。由於消費者對產品的多樣性以及交貨速度之需求益為迫切，各產業必須從供應鏈中尋覓可能的利基，透過人才、資金與資訊科技的種種結合，整合企業內運輸、倉儲、裝卸、包裝和配送等各項營運活動，以提升其附加價值。而企業在運籌管理上的成敗，係取決於其運籌競爭力 • 7-ELEVEN在台灣二十多年來的發展，於今已成為國內零售業龍頭，更是國內最大連鎖加盟體系。此外，該公司轉投資事業超過30多家，儼然成為零售業經營現代化的新典範，許多的經營管理及行銷手法往往令人耳目一新，改變國人消費行為並建立新的產銷秩序

  4. IT的定義 • 資訊科技（Information Technology；IT） • IT 泛指可以創造、儲存、交換以及使用資訊的技術，目前在電信、網路及電腦相關領域上的技術都

  5. Information management • 資訊管理 • the collection and management of information from one or more sources and distribution to one or more audiences who have a stake in that information or a right to that information. Management here means the organization of and control over the structure, processing and delivery of information. Through the 1970s this was largely limited to files, file maintenance, and life cycle management of paper and a small number of other media. With the proliferation of information technology starting in the 1970s, the job of information management took on a new light. No longer was information management a simple job that could be performed by almost anyone. An understanding of the technology and the theory behind it became necessary, as information was ever more stored via electronic means. （Wikipedia）

  6. Information logistics • 資訊運籌 • The field of information logistics aims at developing concepts, technologies and applications for need-oriented information supply. Information-on-demand services are a typical application area for information logistics, as they have to fulfil user needs with respect to content, location, time and quality. Information logistics is concerned with the supply of information to individuals and aims to optimize it by targeted delivery in accordance with requirements in such a way that the substantively correct and actually necessary information is available where and when it is needed. This information should be transformed in line with users' needs, depending on the communication media and users' preferences, in order to aid custom processing of it.

  7. POS and IT • POS作為資訊運籌工具 • 運籌管理架構 • POS系統架構 • POS之複雜性

  8. 終端消費者 資源基地 價值流 服務流 行為面 關係 規劃與控制面 績效 技術與規劃 營運面 供應商 內部營運 顧客 資訊流 金流 運籌管理架構 Source: Bowersox et al.（1999）

  9. 條碼閱讀設備 前 台 固定式掃描器 收 銀 設 備 商品 電子磅秤 條碼 手握式掃描器 POS 條碼列印設備 個人電腦 主 電 腦 後 台 掌上型終端機 終端機 傳真機 印表機機 進銷存資料管理 POS系統架構 資料來源：王貳瑞與侯君溥，2000，p. 155。

  10. 專門技術 Expertise 整合性模擬 資料自動篩選 模式化 資料的查詢 資料的彙整 POS系統的學習階段 時間 Time Source: Ing & Mitchell (1994 )

  11. 結語 • 儘管同業間已逐步廣泛使用POS，但7-Eleven充分運用POS，使其工作知識系統化，將工作知識凝聚成組織規範，並深刻地成為組織記憶。POS可以只是一種作業系統，如同大部分的零售業者所使用的銷售「紀錄」功能一樣。但適當地與管理功能結合，透過統計分析方法，它能提供經營管理所需的重要情報，以促成企業策略目標的達成。POS可以成為企業的競爭利器，作為競爭力及達成策略性目標的促進因素及參考依據。該公司透過POS所累積的知識know-how，使其對市場機會、對利潤的反應敏銳性提升，進而表現出相對於同業間高度的動能與活力。

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