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Understanding Nuclear Reactions and Radioactive Decay in Chemistry

In this lesson, students will explore the fundamentals of nuclear reactions and radioactive decay. They'll learn to write nuclear reaction equations and calculate the age of samples using half-life data. Through hands-on activities like the mouse trap reactor model, the class will simulate nuclear chain reactions and compare them to real-life scenarios. Assignments and practice materials are provided to reinforce understanding, leading to mastery of complex concepts in nuclear chemistry.

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Understanding Nuclear Reactions and Radioactive Decay in Chemistry

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  1. Chemistry!! March 20, 2013 Ms. Boon

  2. Objective: I can write a nuclear reaction equation and calculate the age of a sample using radioactive decay data. • Agenda: • Catalyst • Mouse trap reactor • Radioactive decay and nuclear reactions practice • Portfolio Build Catalyst • In the penny lab, each trial represented one half-life. About what fraction of the pennies were removed each trial? (In other words, what does “half-life” mean?) • Materials: Nuclear Chemistry handouts and homework

  3. Video: movies file – mouse trap reactor regular and slow motion Model: Mouse Trap Reactor Video Focus Questions: • In what ways does the mouse trap reactor model simulate a nuclear chain reaction? • How is an actual nuclear chain reaction different from the mouse trap model?

  4. Materials • Nuclear chemistry handouts • Nuclear energy article • Unit 11: Nuclear Chemistry – Writing Nuclear Equations • Nuclear chemistry work sheet • Homework assignments: • Due Next Class: Read pp. 658-666 Problems p. 666 #1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8 • Due Next Class: Read pp. 648-657 Problems p. 670 #34, 35 p. 671 #52, 54, 58, 60, 61, 62 • Last week: Read p. 642-643, 648-657 practice p. 653 #1-4; problems p. 657 #1, 2, 5, 6 • Last week: Read p. 658-666 Do problems: p. 666 #4, 9, 10, p. 669 #25, 26, 27

  5. Quick Check: • A beta particle is a(n) • proton • Neutron • Electron • Helium nucleus

  6. Quick Check: • A gamma ray can penetrate • Skin • A sheet of paper • A 2-cm thick piece of aluminum • All of the above

  7. Sample Problem: Nuclear equations p. 670 #32: When a radon-222 nuclear decays, an alpha particle is emitted. Write the nuclear equation to show what happens when a radon-222 nucleus decays. 222 Rn 86 4 He + 2 218 Po 84

  8. Sample Problem: Nuclear equations p. 671 #47: The radiation given off by iodine-131 in the form of beta particles is used to treat cancer of the thyroid gland. Write the nuclear equation to describe the decay of an iodine-131 nucleus. 131 I 53 0 e + -1 131 Xe 54

  9. Sample Problem: Radioactive dating p. 660 #1: Assuming a half-life of 1599 y, how many years will be needed for the decay of 15/16 of a given sample. • What is the question asking? • # years for 15/16 of a sample to undergo radioactive decay • How many half-lives must pass to decay 15/16 of a sample? • Use the half-life pattern: • 1 → ½ → ¼ → 1/8 → 1/16 → 1/32 → 1/64 • This pattern shows how much of an original sample is left after each half-life. • For 15/16 to decay, 4 half-lives pass • 1599 y x 4 = 6396 y

  10. Sample: Radioactive dating p. 662 #1: The half-life of polonium-210 is 138.4 days. How many mg of polonium-210 remain after 415.2 days if you start with 2.0 mg of the isotope? • What is the question asking? • How much Po is left after 415.2 days • How many half-lives passed in 415.2 days? • Divide: time/half-life • 415.2 d/ 138.4 d = 3 half-lives • Use the half-life pattern to determine the fraction of the sample left over: 1 → ½ → ¼ → 1/8 • Multiply the fraction by the original mass: • 1/8 x 2.0 mg = ¼ mg or 0.25 mg

  11. Practice • Complete All Nuclear chemistry handouts • Nuclear energy article • Unit 11: Nuclear Chemistry – Writing Nuclear Equations • Nuclear chemistry work sheet • Homework assignments: • Due Next Class: Read pp. 658-666 Problems p. 666 #1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8 • Due Next Class: Read pp. 648-657 Problems p. 670 #34, 35 p. 671 #52, 54, 58, 60, 61, 62 • Last week: Read p. 642-643, 648-657 practice p. 653 #1-4; problems p. 657 #1, 2, 5, 6 • Last week: Read p. 658-666 Do problems: p. 666 #4, 9, 10, p. 669 #25, 26, 27

  12. Announcements • Grades: • You may pick up your benchmark grade report at student led conferences. • Make up work: • Make up assignments are posted on the board. • Tutoring: • Tutoring is Friday at 3:45. • Worksheets and study guides: • Do not throw away any Semester 2 materials. You need these to study for the CST.

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