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American English

American English. 11 September 2014 Pétur Knútsson. First session, Thursday 11 September 2014 Introduction: Home and International The expansion of the English language across the Atlantic into the North America.

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American English

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  1. American English 11 September 2014 Pétur Knútsson

  2. First session, Thursday 11 September 2014 • Introduction: Home and International • The expansion of the English language across the Atlantic into the North America. • The mechanics of such a movement and its implications for the development of the language. Second session, Thursday 2 October • Features of different varieties of American English and the salient differences between British and American English. • Speculation about the future.

  3. Knútsson (2004), “English as a Dead Language” draws a distinction between “Home Englishes” and International English

  4. Maybe I should of. Maybe I should have. I should have done it. Perhaps I should have. Think of something. What are you thinking of? I should of done it Re-analysis 

  5. Home and international “Home” • Developing, diverging. • L1, first language, preliterate acquisition International • Standardised, stable. • L2, second language, literate acquisition • Contact and interelations between the two

  6. Million speakers, 1985 1125 375 Britain, N. America, Australia, New Zealand, S.Africa, Anglo-Indian etc. Global English as a second or foreign language Figures from Kachru, in Quirk and Widdowson , English in the World, CUP 1985

  7. “Home” Englishes • 3 modes of expansion of English: • extermination (“virgin territories”) • exploitation (“civilising the natives”) • internationa trade (cooperation and/or exploitation)

  8. “Home” Englishes • In this course we are only discussing: • extermination (“virgin territories”)

  9. The “Home Englishes” • Britain: • Highland Scottish • Lowland Scottish • Northern English, • West Midlands • East Midlands • Southern English (incl London) • SW English • Welsh English • Northern Irish • Irish Republic • North America • Eastern Canada • Mid and Western Canada • Eastern USA • Southern USA • West USA • The Southern Hemisphere • South Africa • Australia • New Zealand

  10. The Colonial Englishes as official languages: • Africa: • Cameroon (with French) • Gambia • Ghana • Kenya • Liberia • Mauritius (with French) • Namibia • Nigeria • Sierra Leone • South Africaq • Tanzania • Uganda • Zimbabwe • Asia • India • Bangladesh • Pakistan • Sri Lanka • Philipines • Hong Kong

  11. The "second language" Englishes • Europe • Romance, Germanic, Slavic languages • ..... Icelandic • Africa • Indian subcontinent • China • ... • ....

  12. First session, Thursday 11 September 2014 • Introduction: Home and International • The expansion of the English language across the Atlantic into the North America. • The mechanics of such a movement and its implications for the development of the language.

  13. Chapter 11 of Baugh and Cable’s History of the English Language (originally published 1951) Sections 238-242: History of the settlement. See “European Settlement of N. America” in Ugla (Power Point self-study)

  14. European Settlement of N. America War of Independence 1775-83 Civil War 1861-65 African slaves Expansion period Later immigration Colonial period { { { { 1900 1600 1700 1800 Irish German Mexican Puerto Rican etc. S.Europe Slavonic Scandinavian

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