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Early regular measurements of the stratospheric aerosol layer started in 1970’s

ESRL/Global Monitoring Division Boulder, Colorado Mauna Loa Observatory Hawaii Contributions from J. P. Vernier L. Thomason R. Neely. Early regular measurements of the stratospheric aerosol layer started in 1970’s. Lidar – Brazil, São José dos Campos Lidar – Germany, Garmisch-Partenkirchen

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Early regular measurements of the stratospheric aerosol layer started in 1970’s

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  1. ESRL/Global Monitoring DivisionBoulder, Colorado Mauna Loa Observatory HawaiiContributions from J. P. VernierL. ThomasonR. Neely

  2. Early regular measurements of the stratospheric aerosol layer started in 1970’s Lidar – Brazil, São José dos Campos Lidar – Germany, Garmisch-Partenkirchen Lidar – NASA/Langley Lidar – NOAA/Mauna Loa Observatory Balloon – University of Wyoming

  3. Big Island of Hawaii Mauna Kea, 4139 m (13796 ft) Observatory, 3396 m (11145 ft) Mauna Loa, 4169 m (13677 ft), 9600 m (32000 ft) above ocean floor Kilauea and Pu’u O’o

  4. Mauna Loa Observatory

  5. NDACC NOAA/Mauna Loa Observatory lidar, • Observations of stratospheric aerosol have been made since 1972 beginning with a Ruby (694 nm) laser • The Nd:YAG (532 nm) based lidar currently measures stratospheric aerosol and temperature, and tropospheric aerosol, and water vapor.

  6. NOAA Stratospheric Aerosols (Particulates) Nd:YAG Lidar started, 1994

  7. Example of lidar - normalization of signal to clean air (pure molecular)

  8. Comparison of NOAA/MLO lidar with NASA/CALIOP Space LidarVernier et. al, in preparation

  9. NOAA/MLO sources for molecular density profileHilo, HI Radiosondes for 0 to 35 kmMSIS model above 35 km

  10. Comparison of NOAA/MLO lidar with NASA/CALIOP Space LidarWinter, 2006-2007Soufrie`re Hills eruption in Monserrat Island

  11. Increase in Stratospheric Aerosol, ~2002 to ~ 2007 Kuhl, Kulkarni, Ramachandran, Kumar, Rao, Krishnaiah, JGR, 2008 Hofmann, Barnes, O’Neill, Trudeau, Neely, GRL, 2009 Nagai, Liley, Sakai, Shibata, Uchino, SOLA, 2010 Vernier, Thomason, Pommereau, Bourassa, Pelon, Garnier, Hauchecorne, Blanot, Trepte, Degenstein, F. Vargas, GRL, 2011 Corrected NOAA/MLO Analysis

  12. Published Annual Cyclewinter/summer ~ 2.0Reanalyzed Annual Cyclewinter/summer~1.2

  13. The 2009 Sarychev Eruption (48 deg N) on 6/12 was first observed at Mauna Loa (20 deg N) on 7/1. The plot tracks the top and bottom altitudes (left axis), and total backscatter (right axis) while the layer could be distinguished from the background.

  14. Lidar (Extinction/backscatter) Ratio from XXX Eruption

  15. NOAA/MLO Raman Water Vapor (ppm)

  16. MLO Raman lidar correlation with GPS column water vapor (mm)

  17. Increase in Stratospheric Aerosol Between 2000 and 2007 a significant increase (~5%/yr) in stratospheric aerosol was observed both in total and in altitude layers (top 3 plots - left axis). Hofmann, Barnes et al. (GRL, 2009) suggested increased coal burning could be the cause. The trend has not continued since 2007. Recent work suggests a few small eruptions during the period can also explain the increase.

  18. MLO Lidar Activities

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