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Drug Effects on Driving Abilities: NHTSA Trends Encyclopedia

Explore the impact of alcohol, marijuana, stimulants, downers, and opiates on driving skills and crash responsibility according to NHTSA FARS data. Learn how varying levels of impairment affect perception, reaction time, and cognitive functions.

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Drug Effects on Driving Abilities: NHTSA Trends Encyclopedia

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  1. Percent of Persons Killed in Crashes with BACs=.08 or Greater NHTSA FARS Encyclopedia: Trends-Alcohol

  2. MARIJUANA’S EFFECTS ON ABILITIES RELATED TO DRIVING • Skills related to driving performance are impaired as THC blood level increases. • Marijuana affects driver’s attentiveness, perception of time and speed, and ability to draw on past driving experiences. • Impairment increases when marijuana is combined with alcohol.

  3. Drugs Increased Odds of Fatal Crash Responsibility * Alcohol >.05 5.7 Marijuana 3.0 Alcohol & Marijuana 19.0 FATAL CRASH RESPONSIBILITY OF DRIVERS USING ALCOHOL & MARIJUANA * Compared to sober risk of responsibility. B-24 41

  4. EFFECTS OF STIMULANTS ON ABILITIES RELATED TO DRIVING • Stimulants include cocaine, MDMA,methamphetamine, Adderall. • Low doses may enhance alertness, but prolonged use results in sleep deprivation, paranoia, aggression. • Some evidence of psychomotor and cognitive impairment in attention, perception and memory with MDMA use. • Cocaine associated with speeding, losing vehicle control, high-risk behaviors, aggressive driving, inattentive driving.

  5. EFFECTS OF DOWNERS ON ABILITIES RELATED TO DRIVING • Downers include benzodiazepines (Xanax, Valium), sedatives (Ambien), tranquilizers, and barbiturates. • Level of risk varies with type of downer and how long driver has been using it (risk greater when first start using). • Valium produces significant driving impairment over multiple doses. • Crash risk is 1.6 to 5 times that of driver with no drugs. • Slower reaction time, reduced vigilance, impaired attention tasks and cognition.

  6. EFFECTS OF OPIATES ON ABILITIES RELATED TO DRIVING • Opioids (heroin, Vicodin, OxyContin, morphine, codeine) produce mental clouding, calmness, and drowsiness. • Impairment varies by type of opioid used, route of administration, and tolerance. • Effects include slow driving, weaving, poor vehicle control, slow response to stimuli, falling asleep.

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