1 / 53

MORLEY Chapter 8: Emerging Technologies

MORLEY Chapter 8: Emerging Technologies. 100,000x more powerful 1,000,000x more storage HD video and still cameras Internet access to world And it’s also a phone. Green screen; no graphics. Chapter Overview. The computer of the future

radha
Download Presentation

MORLEY Chapter 8: Emerging Technologies

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. MORLEY Chapter 8:Emerging Technologies

  2. 100,000x more powerful • 1,000,000x more storage • HD video and still cameras • Internet access to world • And it’s also a phone Green screen; no graphics

  3. Chapter Overview • The computer of the future • Emerging technologies, such as nanotechnology, that are already impacting our lives • Emerging networking technologies • Artificial intelligence (AI) • Technological advances in medicine & the military • Societal implications of emerging technologies

  4. Computers in the Future • Smaller, faster, and more powerful • More user-friendly • Voice input and gesture/touchinterfaces • Multisensory output, not just sight and sound • Mobile computers closer in capabilities to desktop computers and used for broader purposes • Part of walls, desks, appliances, clothing • More environmentally friendly

  5. Emerging Input Hardware • Gesture-based devices (ex., Wii, Kinect) • Surface computing: Interacts with the user using ordinary objects, such as a table top; ex., Microsoft Surface • 2D barcodes: Uses vertical dimension also • Augmented reality (VR): Overlaying images with data; used in mobiles, eyewear, windshields • Radio frequency identification (RFID) and Near Field Communication (NFC): Used for payment systems

  6. Wii, Kinect, Surface

  7. 2D Barcode, Near Field, VR

  8. New Processing Technologies • Multi-core CPUs • USB 3.0 • Flexible processors • Terascale computing: The ability of computers to process at least one trillion floating-point operations per second (one teraflop) • 3D chips: Components are layered, cutting down on required surface area

  9. Emerging Output Devices • 3D display screens: Use filters, prisms, lenses and other technologies to create a 3D effect • Wearable personal displays: Typically built into eyeware; project images to the glasses • 3D projectors: Display laser holograms • Tiny portable projectors: Display on any flat surface • Available as stand-alone devices • Built into mobile phones, portable digital media players, portable computers, or other devices

  10. Sample Emerging Output Devices

  11. Emerging Flat-Screen Devices: OLED • Organic light emitting diode (OLED) displays: Use a layer of organic material that emits light when electric current is applied • Do not use backlighting • Wide viewing angle, low energy consumption, longer battery life • Digital cameras, media players, mobile phones, TVs, etc.

  12. Consumer Electronics Show Demos

  13. 4D Printing Using a 3D printer to create parts or entire products that change their behavior under different conditions, ex., a coffee mug alters its thickness given the coffee’s temperature

  14. Emerging Storage Devices • Hard drive technologies are increasing density • For portable personal storage, USB flash drives are: • Continuing to be built into a variety of everyday items • Including new capabilities (recreate user’s primary PC PC environment on any computer, protect the data stored on the flash drive, etc.)

  15. Optical Computing • Optical computer: A computer that uses light (ex., from a laser) to perform digital computations • Optical chips move data as photons, not electrons. • Devices much smaller & faster than normal • Opto-electronic computers: use both electricity and light (ex., fiber-optic cable) • Medical diagnostic systems • Remote sensing systems • Fiber-optic communications • Artificial eyes

  16. Networking Technologies • Improvements are constantly being made to wired and wireless networking technologies to: • Increase speed and connectivity options for local area networks (LANs) and Internet connections • Support the continued growth in Internet-based multimedia and communications • Voice over IP (VoIP) • VOD and mobile TV • Telepresencevideo conferencing • Geobrowsing and GPS monitoring systems

  17. Voice over IP Network technology that allows telephone users to send and receive calls via an Internet service instead of from a traditional land-line or mobile provider

  18. VOD and Mobile TV • Video on Demand (VOD): Network technology that allows customers to receive on a network-aware device movie titles or TV shows they request • Service can be immediate or scheduled • Mobile TV: Network technology that allows customers to watch TV programs on a hand-held device, such as a mobile phone

  19. TelepresenceVideo Conferencing • Video conference: the use of telecommunication technologies to allow meeting participation by individuals at two or more different locations • Telepresence video conferencing: Offers life-size, high-definition views and audio of meeting participants

  20. Geobrowsing Network technology that allows users to look for information visually – often starting with a map – and then navigate / “drill-down” to the desired text

  21. GPS Monitoring Systems

  22. Wired Networking • Ethernet: The most widely used networking protocol • Continually evolving to support faster speeds • 10 Gbps today; 30 Gbps, 100 Gbps in development • Power over Ethernet (PoE): Allows both electrical power and data sent over standard Ethernet cable • Used most often in business networks • Requires special hardware and devices • Eliminates need for devices to be near outlet

  23. Power over Ethernet (PoE)

  24. Broadband Over Power Lines (BPL) • Allows data (primarily Internet data at this time) to be sent over existing power-pole infrastructure and a building’s regular power lines • Based on the Powerline standard • Requires additional hardware on power poles • Potentially offers broadband access to any home or business with access to electricity

  25. BPL Example

  26. Wireless Networking: WiFi • Wi-Fi (wireless fidelity): Family of wireless networks using the IEEE standard 802.11 (a, b, g, n, etc.) • Current standard for wireless in home or office • Designed for medium-range data transfers • Performance depends on: • Wi-Fi standard and hardware being used • Number of solid objects and distance between the wireless access point and the device • Interference from cordless phones, baby monitors, microwaves, etc., on same radio frequency

  27. Wireless Networking: WiMAX • WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access, or IEEE 802.16): A wireless standard that is faster and has farther range than Wi-Fi • Mobile WiMAX (IEEE 802.16e): Designed to bring broadband Internet service to users via mobile phone, computer, or other WiMAX-enabled device

  28. Wireless Networking: Mobiles • Cellular standards: Evolving to meet demand and mobile trends; classed by bandwidth “generation” • Bandwidth: Measure of how much data can move per second through assigned “pipe” • Actual standards can differ by vendor and country! • 3Gstandards: first to support both data and voice • 4G standards: support for gaming, mobile TV, etc. • Mobile WiMAX • Long Term Evolution (LTE)

  29. Wireless Networking: Short-Range • Bluetooth: Original wireless standard designed for short-range connections between devices • Wireless USB: Similar to Bluetooth, but transfers data more quickly • WirelessHD (WiHD): Designed for home consumer electronic devices • TransferJet: Designed to transfer large files quickly between devices as soon as they come in contact

  30. Artificial Intelligence (AI) • Artificial intelligence (AI): The science and engineering of making computing machines that think and act like intelligent humans • Turing Test: A test of AI • An observer interacts electronically with a human and a computer by sending them questions and reviewing the typed responses • If the observer repeatedly cannot tell which of the responses is human and which is machine, the machine is viewed as intelligent

  31. Turing Test and Loebner Prize Loebner Prize: Includes a gold medal to be awarded to the developer of the first computer to pass the Turing Test; no winner as of yet

  32. Artificial Intelligence (AI) • Early advances in AI were in game playing, ex., chess (huge number of possible moves) • Today’s chess-playing programs can beat human chess masters

  33. Some Current AI Applications • Contain some aspects of AI though tend to mimic human intelligence • Intelligent agents: Programs that perform specific tasks to help make a user’s work more efficient or entertaining • Application assistants – online help, ex., Siri • Shopping bots (price comparison) • Entertainment bots (ex., Sony AIBO dog) • Chatterbots(simulate human conversation; ex., CleverBot)

  34. AI: Intelligent Agents

  35. AI: Expert Systems Expert systems: Programs that can make decisions and draw conclusions, similar to a human expert • Include: • Knowledge base (database with facts and rules) • Inference engine (program that applies the rules to the data stored in the knowledge base) • Widely used for many tasks, such as: • Diagnosing illness • Financial forecasting • Scheduling routes for delivery vehicles • Credit authorizations

  36. Expert Systems

  37. AI: Neural Networks • Neural networks: AI systems that attempt to imitate the way a human brain works • Can learn by observation, as well as trial and error • Designed to recognize patterns in data and make more progressive leaps in associations and predictions than conventional computer systems • Used in (ex.): • Vision recognition systems • Fingerprint analysis • Oil and gas exploration

  38. AI: Robotics • Robots: Devices, controlled by a person or computer, that can move and react to sensory input • Robotics: The development and study of robots • Business / industrial robots: • Monitor security • Facilitate teleconferencing (as a stand-in) • Search and rescue missions • Fight fires; search for gas leaks • Work on assembly line • Deliver mail / packages

  39. AI: Personal Robots • Entertainment robots: Make small talk, deliver messages, take photos or video, sing, dance, play • Robotic pets • Household robots: Perform household tasks (vacuum floor, clean pool, mow lawn, etc.) • Virtual visiting: Personal teleconferencing robot • Personal caregiver / medical assistant: Help sick, infirm, elderly patients at home

  40. Sample Robots

  41. Medicine: Electronic Monitoring Systems • Some use RFID to monitor the status of objects to which a RFID tag is attached • Some use GPS to monitor the location of objects • Used in hospitals for patient ID, equipment tracking, drug ID, etc. • Use in home healthcare to transfer readings to a healthcare provider • Vital signs, etc. • Answers to questions

  42. Medicine: Electronic Implants • Monitoring devices implanted inside an individual • Heart monitoring systems, ex., pacemakers • VeriChip: Small RFID tag implanted under a person’s skin and used for ID purposes • Future may bring brain-to-computer interfacing: • Restore lost functionality • Facilitate communications ofseverely disabled individuals

  43. Medicine: Telemedicine • Use of telecommunications technology to provide medical information and services • Gives the ability to provide care remotely to people who could not otherwise have access • Includes: • Remote monitoring systems • E-mail consultations • Web-based appointment scheduling • Videoconferencing • Telesurgery (robot-assisted surgery)

  44. Medicine: Telesurgery • A form of robot-assisted surgery in which the doctor’s physical location is different from the patient’s physical location and the doctor controls the robot remotely • Can be performed over the Internet • Gives closer view and more precision to the doctor • Allows for smaller incisions; promotes healing • Becoming vital for providing service to remote areas • Will likely be needed for extensive space exploration

  45. Medicine: Examples

  46. Technological Advances in the Military • Battlefield robots: Robots used in conflict areas • To investigate caves, buildings, trails, etc. to ensure those areas are safe for soldiers to enter • To locate and dispose of bombs, mines, and other explosive devices in the field • Are controlled by soldiers today, though in future autonomous robots that can navigate on their own

  47. Technological Advances in the Military, 2 Exoskeleton suit: Wearable robotic system designed to give the human additional physical capabilities and protection • Run faster • Carry heavier items • May in future be light, bulletproof, and be able to solidify on command to act as a cast

  48. Societal Implications ofEmerging Technologies • Security and privacy issues • Potential for involuntary control by others • Trust: Until machines become personal safety hazards? • Trust: Is technology advancing too fast that humans cannot see the consequences until it is too late? • Priorities for research spending

  49. Summary • The computer of the future • Emerging networking technologies • Artificial intelligence (AI) • Technological advances in medicine • Technological advances in the military • Societal implications of emerging technology

More Related