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Alia Al-Mansoori 200002356 Jameilah Ali 200002314 200002125 Khawla Al-Shehhi M

United Arab Emirates University College Of Engineering Chemical Engineering Department Graduation Project I. Group Members:. Alia Al-Mansoori 200002356 Jameilah Ali 200002314 200002125 Khawla Al-Shehhi Manar Mohammad 200002419

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Alia Al-Mansoori 200002356 Jameilah Ali 200002314 200002125 Khawla Al-Shehhi M

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  1. United Arab Emirates UniversityCollege Of EngineeringChemical Engineering DepartmentGraduation Project I Group Members: Alia Al-Mansoori 200002356 Jameilah Ali 200002314 200002125 Khawla Al-Shehhi Manar Mohammad 200002419 Noha Ali 200002153 Supervisors: Advisor:Dr. Samir I. Abu-Eisha

  2. Presentation Layout • Project Description • Drying Oil background • Process selection • Process description • Preliminary Safety and Environmental Impact • Material and Energy Balances • Preliminary Cost Estimation

  3. Project Description The primary objective of this project is to design a chemical plant that uses palmitic acid (C15H31COOH) as a raw material to produce drying oil that is used as an additive to paints and varnishes to aid the drying process when these products are coated on a surface. It become one of the most important industrial chemicals in the world due to its low cost and variety of Sources. The acetylated castor oil is thermally cracked to the drying oil (C14H28) and a ceticacid (CH3COOH). It is desired to asses the design from economical, environmental and safety perspectives.

  4. Drying Oil background • Definition • History • Physical and chemical characteristics • Uses and Application • Availability And Market

  5. Definition Drying oil that is used as an additive to paints and varnishes to aid the drying process when these products are coated on a surface.

  6. History The addition of pigments is a more recent invention and oil paints as a medium of artistic expression have a history of over 1000 years. The original artist's paints were simple mixtures of oil and pigment which could be applied to wood or canvas and allowed to dry. Over time artists made many changes in how the paint was prepared to increase control of the texture, appearance and drying time of the paint.

  7. Physical and chemical characteristics • Name:1-Tetradecene • Formula: CH2=CH(CH2)11CH3 • It is colorless liquid. • It reacts with strong oxidants. • It attacks rubber, paints and lining materials. • A harmful contamination of the air will not or will only very slowly be reached on evaporation of this substance at 20°C.

  8. Uses and Applications • Alcohols for detergents • surfactants, linear plasticizers • flavors and fragrances • lube oil additive • paint and varnish

  9. Process Selection for Design • Process Criteria • Drying oils are additives to products like paint and varnish • Purpose of this project • To determine the feasibility of constructing a chemical plant toto manufacture 50,000 tonne/y of drying oil

  10. Process Selection for Design • Chemical Reactions • Acetylated Castor Oil (ACO),(C16H32O2) • Drying Oil (DO),(C14H28) • Acetic Acid (AA),(CH3COOH) • Gum, (C28H56)

  11. Process Selection for Design • Process Description 1. Feed Preparation Section • (mixing – heating) 2. The Reaction Section • Both reactions proceed

  12. Process Selection for Design • Reactor conversions and selectivity

  13. Process Selection for Design 3. Purification Section • Gum Filtration (Filter) • Distillation Column 1: • all (AA) goes to stream 10 • all (ACO) goes to stream 9 • 99.5% (DO) goes to stream 10 • Condenser 1: • Dew Point = 266°C (P=2.5 bar) • Reboiler 1: • Bubble Point = 333°C

  14. Process Selection for Design 3. Purification Section (continue) • Distillation Column 2: • 99.5% of AA goes to stream 11 • 99.5% of DO goes to stream 12 • Condenser 2: • Dew Point = 153°C (P=1.8 bar) • Reboiler 2: • Bubble Point = 280.5°C

  15. Material Balance • Objectives • - Quantities of raw materials required and products produced. • - process flow rates and compositions The Importance of material balance

  16. Drying oil plant Process flow diagram Distillation Column Vessel A C O Distillation Column Reactor A A Filter D O Gum

  17. Material Balance 0 0 0 Accumulation= Input – Output + generation – Consumption Data Given:

  18. Material balance • Production rate of drying oil=50000 ton/yr • Conversion=99.97%

  19. 49985 ton/yr 8556.12 ton/yr 65306.1 ton/yr Overall mass balance AA ACO DO Gum 14.79 ton/yr

  20. ACO AA DO ACO Gum Reactor 65306.1ton/yr 28800ton/yr T= 380oC X= 0.559 Selectivity (mol DO/ mol Gum)=3.38X103 8556.12ton/yr 27933.5ton/yr 16.53ton/yr

  21. Filter Output = 65289.59ton/yr Input = 65306.12ton/yr AA DO ACO gum 16.53ton/yr

  22. Mass balance on filter

  23. Distillation column

  24. Distillation column 1 Feed = 65289.62 ton/yr AA DO ACO Top product = 36475.62ton/yr AA DO ACO Bottom product= 28813.97ton/yr

  25. AA DO AA DO Distillation column 2 Feed = 36475.65ton/yr Top product = 8652.966ton/yr Bottom product= 27822.68ton/yr

  26. Energy balance • Why do energy balance. • Objectives: - Estimate the cooling water required for the process - Find the fuel required for the process - Estimate the overall energy requirement for the process

  27. Distillation Column A C O A C O Vessel Reactor Distillation Column A A A A Vessel Furnace Filter D O D O Gum Gum Detailed flow diagram for drying oil producing process

  28. Furnace Q = 1.87X1011 kJ/yr Air Ng mng = 3475.6 ton/yr

  29. Heat Exchanger Q = 2.7X1011 kJ/yr CW mcw=1.16X108 m3/yr

  30. Condenser 1 At dew point Temperature = 265 C P = 2.5 bar QC= 3.41X1012 kJ/yr CW mcw= 81,296,658 m3/yr

  31. Reboiler

  32. Reboiler Reboiler 1 At bubble point Temperature = 332 C P = 2.5 bar Qr= -3.41X1012 kJ/yr

  33. Condenser 2 At dew point Temperature = 153 C P = 1.8 bar Qc=3.6X1012 kJ/yr CW mcw= 85,494,364 m3/yr

  34. Reboiler Reboiler 2 At bubble point Temperature = 280.5 C P = 1.8 bar Qr=-2.13X1012 kJ/yr

  35. Safety and Environmental Impact Safety and Environmental considerations are an important part of our daily lives. It is one of the most important issues that must be taken into consideration in designing any plant. It is the responsibility to everyone, from industries to families to save our provision earth.

  36. Drying Oil (DO) Acute Health Hazard Eye:Not expected to cause prolonged or significant eye irritation Skin contact may cause drying or defatting of the skin. Inhalation:Not expected to be harmful if inhaled Personal protection - Wear appropriate clothing and safety glasses - Eye washes and safety showers. Fire and explosive hazards - Flash Point: > 107 °C (> 224.6°F) - Autoignition: 235 °C (455°F) - Lower Explosive Limit: 0.5 - Upper Explosive Limit: 5.4

  37. Acetic Acid (AA) Acute Health Hazard Inhalation: Causes chemical burns to the respiratory tract. Eye: Causes severe eye irritation. Skin: Causes skin burns and blackening Personal protection • Wear chemical goggles. • Wear appropriate gloves to prevent skin exposure. • Wear appropriate protective clothing to prevent skin exposure. Fire and explosive hazards - Flash point: 39 ºC - Autoignition temp.: 426 ºC - Flammable limit, %by volume: Lower: 4, Upper:19.9

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