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Civil War Advantages and Disadvantages: Union vs. Confederacy

Discover the key advantages and disadvantages of the Union and Confederacy during the Civil War, including strategies, battles, executive power, and significant events like the Emancipation Proclamation and Gettysburg Address.

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Civil War Advantages and Disadvantages: Union vs. Confederacy

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  1. (Please have your “Lincoln” packet out)What are the most important advantages and disadvantages to the Union and Confederacy? Answer the 4 questions on sheet

  2. Civil War 1861-65 • How did Executive power increase during the Civil War? • How did war turn into one over slavery? • Battle of Antietam: Emancipation Proclamation • Battle of Gettysburg: Gettysburg Address • 13th Amendment

  3. Lincoln: • (#2) Most significant “crossroad”? • (#3) What if he chose differently? • (#4) Examples of increases in Executive power?

  4. The Union and Confederacy

  5. April 1861- Sumter

  6. Confederate President Jefferson Davis Union President Abraham Lincoln

  7. Advantages, Disadvantages

  8. North strategy- “Anaconda” • Blockade: • No exports of cotton; economy strangled • No imports of food, materials • Mississippi • Cut Confederacy in 2 • Richmond • The capital

  9. Northern strategy: “Anaconda” • Blockade • Mississippi • Richmond

  10. Confederate strategy • Defensive war; prepare and wait for attack • All they have to do is “not lose” • “War of attrition” • Inflict continuous casualties on Northern attackers • North will lose the will to fight • Europe will side with them (cotton) • Cut off trade in 61- HUGE blunder

  11. 18th century tactics + 19th century technology= massive casualties • (Antietam- 23,000 casualties in one day; • Gettysburg: @ 5,800 dead- Iraq and Afghanistan- 5,281 dead)

  12. 1862- Battle of Antietam/ Emancipation • 1861- 1862- Robert E. Lee and Confederate Army defeat Union attempts at taking Richmond…

  13. Under Confederate General Robert E. Lee • Late summer ’62- Army on a roll… • INVADE NORTH (MD); victory would… • Start uprising in Maryland • Convince Europe to support South • Get food for army

  14. Union • Doesn’t know where Lee is… • Secret plans found on cigar

  15. Antietam • 40,000 Confederates • 100,000 Union • September 1862 • Northern Maryland

  16. 1st 3 hours, 12,000 total casualties

  17. By day’s end • 12,000 Union casualties • 14,000 Confederate casualties

  18. September 17, 1862 • Sept. 17, 1862=Bloodiest Day in U.S. History- 23,000 casualties • 3,654 Dead • 2nd Bloodiest=Sept. 11, 2001 (3,056)

  19. Antietam National Cemetary

  20. Lee’s retreat • 1/3 of Confederate Army casualties • Retreats (limps) back to south • Invasion a failure • Northern “victory”

  21. Lincoln: Why not free the slaves? • #1 Objective: save the Union, not free slaves • Political/ Military- Border states (MI, KY, DE, MD) may secede • May seem like an act of desperation- Confederacy has been winning all the battles • Legal- Does not have the Constitutional right to do so

  22. Emancipation Proclamation • Lincoln • Has his victory- in a position of strength • Issues Emancipation Proclamation Nov. ’62 • Ultimatum to Confederacy – “On the first day of January (1863), all persons held as slaves within any State in rebellion against the United States, shall be forever free…” • Issued “by virtue of the power in me vested as Commander in chief” • How does this solve all 4 Problems?

  23. the meanwhile, Grant in the west… • All that’s left is Vicksburg on Mississippi Vicksburg was high on a bluff at a bend in the Mississippi; Gunboats were useless

  24. Vicksburg Bend in the Mississippi

  25. Grant’s risky campaign • March to May 1863 • Crosses Miss. South of V’burg • Attacks Jackson first

  26. Seige of Vicksburg, May- July 1863 • 2,800 shells a day for 47 days; how many per minute??\ • people inside starving… resort to eating shoe leather • July 4, 1863- 30,000 Confederates surrender Statue of Grant at Vicksburg today

  27. Lingering memories • Vicksburg Mississippi did not celebrate the 4th of July again until 1944 (after D-Day)

  28. Summer 1863- The turning point of the war • Gettysburg • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7ALyq3seK2g • Vicksburg • The speech

  29. Nov. 1863- the Gettysburg Addresshttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U2a-S3rjDBw

  30. Importance of 1863 • July 3, 1863- Lee retreats from G’burg • Weakened army of Northern Virginia will never threaten Union soil again • July 4, 1863- Vicksburg surrendered • Mississippi River now in Union hands

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