The Magnet Lab: Magnets Is What We Do!

1. The Magnet Lab:Magnets Is What We Do! Carlos R. Villa National High Magnetic Field Laboratory National Science Teachers Association San Antonio, Texas April, 2013

2. NHMFL Overview • One of three national labs in the Southeast U.S. • One of twelve high magnetic field labs in the world • Only one in western hemisphere • Largest and highest powered in the world

3. NHMFL Overview • User laboratory • Over 1100 user visits (2010) • NSF & State of Florida funded • Research free to scientist • Research in many fields (Not just magnets!!) • Materials Science, Physics, Engineering, Chemistry, Biology, Biomedical, Geochemistry, Microscopy…

4. Center for Integrating Research & Learning • Educational component of NHMFL’s grant • RET programs (more on that later…) • K-12 education outreach • 11,000 students visited this school year • Professional development • Workshops and conferences

5. Center for Integrating Research & Learning • Educational component of NHMFL’s grant • K-12 education outreach • 10,961 students visited this school year • Professional development • Workshops and conferences facebook.com/MaglabEducation

6. Special Opportunity: RET 2013 • RET program • 6 weeks in the summer • $3600 stipend

7. Magnet Review • Gauss • Measurement of magnetic field • Named for Carl Friedrich Gauss • Tesla • Measurement of larger magnetic fields • Named for Nikola Tesla • 10,000 Gauss = 1 Tesla

8. Some Magnetic Fields (In Tesla) • Refrigerator magnet: • Earth’s magnetic field: • Person’s magnetic field: • Junkyard magnet: • MRI magnet: .03 T .000045 T 3 x10-13 T 1 T 2-3 T

9. Some NHMFL Magnetic Fields • NHMFL ICR magnet: • Ionic Cyclotron Resonance • NHMFL 900 Mhz • Nuclear Magnetic Resonance • NHMFL resistive magnet • NHMFL split cell • NHMFL hybrid magnet • Resistive and superconducting • NHMFL pulse magnet • Not continuous field • 9.4 T • 21 T • 20-35 T • 25 T • 45 T • 100.7 T • First reached on 3/23/2012

10. Magnetic Metals • Not all metals are magnetic • 3 are naturally magnetic • Iron • Nickel • Cobalt

11. Magnetite • Fe(II)Fe(III)2O4 • Naturally magnetic igneous rock • Usually found in marine sands and deserts • Largest US deposit in NY (Adirondacks) • Lodestone found In Arkansas • Different crystalline structure

12. Atomic Theory • Atomos • Indestructible • The atom • Proton • Neutron • Electron

13. Magnetism • Motion of electrons create magnetic fields • In some atoms, spins cancel out • Pauli exclusion • Whenever all electrons spin the same direction: magnetic field is produced • Magnetic domains • In magnets: lined up

14. Permanent Magnets • Electrons tend to line up in groups (Domains) • Domains reinforce other domains • Turn material magnetic • Examples: Refrigerator Magnets, Bar Magnets, Magnetite, Horseshoe Magnets, Hematite, etc… • Field can be lost • Curie Point • Electric Current • Degaussing • Bang It

15. Temporary Magnets • Domains temporarily aligned • Will keep magnetic field until tampered • Examples: • Paperclips, scissors, staples, thumb tacks, pins, screwdrivers, refrigerator door, car doors, etc… • Anything that is magnetic, but will not keep its field

16. Viewing Field Lines • Field viewers • Box photo frames • Iron filings • Use with paper • Clean-up can be a mess

17. Drawing Field Lines • Seeing fields • Bar magnet • As many compasses as possible

18. Create A Compass • Magnetize an item • Allow it to float • Must turn freely • Needle • Petri dish • Coffee stirrer • Water • Permanent magnet

19. Electricity and Magnetism • The two are so closely related • Where there is electricity, there is a magnetic field • Where there is a magnetic field, electricity can be created

20. Creating Magnetism From Electricity • Electricity is the movement of electrons • Electrons flow in one direction • This alignment of electrons creates a magnetic field • Similar to electrons lining up in a permanent magnet • So every wire carrying electricity has a weak magnetic field around it • Coiling the wire concentrates the magnetic field inside the coil

21. Electromagnets • Materials • Copper wire • Iron rod • Battery • Extensions: • 2 batteries • In line? • Aluminum, wooden rod • Will they work?

22. Electromagnets Extensions: • Right hand rule • Direction of field • Poles (Winding direction) • Variables: • Neatness • Number of winds • Wire gauge • Battery strength • Temperature

23. Bitter Plates

24. Bitter Plates

25. Iron In Our Food • Iron in cereal • Total • Baby food • Need a strong magnet • Neodymium

26. A special solution of magnetic particles in a colloidal suspension whose flow can be controlled by magnets or magnetic fields. Ferrofluids

27. Ferrofluids • Make your own: • Oil, petri dish, magnet • Please be careful • Iron filings: • Education Innovations • Post Apple Scientific • Actual ferrofluids available: • Carolina Biological • Educational Innovations

28. Cow Magnets

29. Additional Resources Stop Faking It: Electricity & Magnetism Bill Robertson Driving Force: The Natural Magic of Magnets James D. Livingston

30. Additional Resources • http://education.magnet.fsu.edu • MagLab Alpha; Science, Optics, & You; other curriculum • MagLab audio slideshows • RET Program • K-12 Programs • MagLab Educator’s Club

33. Before I Forget • Business cards • Please do not hesitate to contact me with questions, ideas, suggestions, etc…

34. Thank You Carlos R. Villa National High Magnetic Field Laboratory villa@magnet.fsu.edu • 850-644-7191