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Chapter 19

Chapter 19. Urbanization. Chapter Outline . Preindustrial Cities Industrialization and Urbanization Metropolis Suburbs Urban Neighborhoods Segregation in World Perspective Theories of Urban Impact. Urbanization. Migration of people from the countryside to the city.

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Chapter 19

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  1. Chapter 19 Urbanization

  2. Chapter Outline • Preindustrial Cities • Industrialization and Urbanization • Metropolis • Suburbs • Urban Neighborhoods • Segregation in World Perspective • Theories of Urban Impact

  3. Urbanization • Migration of people from the countryside to the city. • In 1900 fewer than 40% of Americans and Canadians lived in urban areas. • Today, 79% of Americans and 78% of Canadians are urban residents, and only about 1% live on farms.

  4. Preindustrial Cities • Preindustrial cities were small, filthy, disease-ridden, crowded, and disorderly. • They contained no more than 5,000–10,000 inhabitants. • Large national capitals usually had no more than 40,000 inhabitants and rarely more than 60,000.

  5. Population of Major Citiesin Preindustrial Europe

  6. Why People Lived in Preindustrial Cities • Cities offered many people a chance to increase their incomes. • Cities offered the prospect of a more interesting and stimulating life. • Cities enticed those in pursuit of “vice.”

  7. Urban Migration

  8. The Agricultural Revolution

  9. Changes in Agricultural Productivity, 1800–1980

  10. Changes in Agricultural Productivity, 1800–1980

  11. Two Basic Forms of Modern Metropolises • Fixed-rail metropolis -made the center of the city the focal point. • Freeway metropolis - decentralized the metropolis.

  12. Commuting • It takes the average American 25.5 minutes to go from home to work. • 76% commute to work alone in their private vehicle. • 12% carpool to work. • 5% take public transportation to work. • 3% walk to work.

  13. Average Travel Time From Home to Work in Minutes

  14. The Ten Most Segregated U.S. Metropolitan Areas

  15. The Ten Least Segregated U.S. Metropolitan Areas

  16. Gove’s Study of of Crowding • Studied 2,000 homes that varied in the number of persons per room. • The more persons per room, the more people complained of a lack of privacy and of too great demands on them by others. • People responded to crowding by withdrawing physically and emotionally.

  17. Gove’s Study of of Crowding • People in crowded homes had poorer mental health. • Members of crowded homes had poor social relations with one another. • Child care in crowded homes was poor. • The effects of crowding began to show up when there was more than one person per room in a household.

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