Photosynthesis: Life from Light and Air

2. Photosynthesis:LifefromLight andAir

3. Plants are energy producers • Like animals, plants need energy to live • unlike animals, plants don’t need to eat food to make that energy • Plants make both FOOD & ENERGY • animals are consumers • plants are producers

4. How do plants make energy & food? • Plants use the energy from the sun • to make ATP energy • to make sugars • glucose, sucrose, cellulose, starch, & more sun ATP sugars

5. H2O CO2 Building plants from sunlight & air sun • Photosynthesis • 2 separate processes • ENERGY building reactions • collect sun energy • use it to make ATP • SUGAR building reactions • take the ATP energy • collect CO2 from air & H2O from ground • use all to build sugars ATP + sugars carbon dioxide 6CO2 water 6H2O sugars C6H12O6 Oxygen 6O2 + +

6. (ATP) = used to build the sugar carbon dioxide sun energy  glucose + oxygen + water + sun energy  6CO2 + 6H2O + + 6O2 C6H12O6 Using light & air to grow plants • Photosynthesis • using sun’s energy to make ATP • using CO2 & water to make sugar • in chloroplasts • allows plants to grow • makes a waste product • oxygen (O2)

7. CO2 H2O sugars What do plants need to grow? • The “factory” for making energy & sugars • chloroplast • Fuels • sunlight • carbon dioxide • water • The Helpers • enzymes Make ATP!Make sugar!I can do it all…And no oneeven notices! sun ATP enzymes

8. H2O CO2 sun Photosynthesis ENERGYbuilding reactions ATP ADP SUGARbuilding reactions used immediatelyto synthesize sugars sugar

9. Chloroplasts are only in plants animal cells plant cells

10. CO2 Chloroplasts absorbsunlight & CO2 Leaf sun Leaves Chloroplastsin cell Chloroplast Chloroplast Chloroplasts contain Chlorophyll makeENERGY & SUGAR

11. light energy  6CO2 + 6H2O + + 6O2 C6H12O6 So what does a plant need? • Bring In • light • CO2 • H2O • Let Out • O2 • Move Around • sugars leaves shoot roots

12. vascular bundle (vein) xylem (water) phloem (sugar) cuticle epidermis palisades layer spongy layer epidermis stomate cuticle guardcells Leaf Structure

13. xylem (water) stomate guardcells Transpiration O2 H2O CO2 • CO2 in • O2 out • water out • so it gets to leaves from roots O2 H2O CO2

14. Transpiration • Water evaporates from the stomates in the leaves • pulls water up from roots • water molecules stick to each other • more water is pulled up tree from ground

15. Function of Leaf Structures • Cuticle • waxy coating reduces water loss • Epidermis • skin protecting leaf tissues • Palisades layer • high concentration of chloroplasts • collecting sun’s energy • photosynthesis • making ATP & sugars • Spongy layer • air spaces • gas exchange • CO2 in for sugar production, remove waste O2

16. Stomates & Guard Cells • Function of stomates • CO2 in • O2 out • H2O out • gets to leaves for photosynthesis • Function of guard cells • open & close stomates guard cell stomate

17. Guard cells & Homeostasis • Homeostasis • keeping the internal environment of the plant balanced • Stomates open • let CO2 in • needed to make sugar • let H2O out • so it gets to leaves • let O2 out • get rid of waste product • Stomates close • if too much H2O evaporating

18. Xylem carry water up from roots

19. Phloem: food-conducting cells • carry sugars around the plant wherever they are needed • new leaves • fruit & seeds • roots

20. carbon dioxide sun energy  glucose + oxygen + water + glucose + oxygen  carbon + water + energy  C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP dioxide light energy  6CO2 + 6H2O + + 6O2 C6H12O6 How are they connected? Respiration Photosynthesis

21. sun glucosesugars H2O Energy cycle Photosynthesis plants CO2 O2 animals, plants Cellular Respiration ATP The Great Circleof Life! Mufasa?

22. sun H2O Another view… capturelight energy Photosynthesis synthesis producers, autotrophs CO2 O2 organicmoleculesfood waste waste waste consumers, heterotrophs digestion Cellular Respiration ATP releasechemical energy

23. air The poetic perspective • All of the solid material of every plantwas built out of thin air • All of the solid material of every animal was built from plant material sun Then all the cats, dogs, mice, people & elephants…are really strands of air woven together by sunlight!

24. Got the energy… Ask Questions!!

25. Putting it all together • Making a living… • sunlight • leaves = solar collectors • photosynthesis • gases: CO2 in & O2 out • stomates = gases in & out • H2O • roots take in water from soil • pulled up by leaf evaporation • nutrients • roots take in from soil

26. Cellular RespirationHarvesting Chemical Energy ATP

27. fuel(carbohydrates) CO2 + H2O + heat ATP O2 O2 food(carbohydrates) “Burn fuels” to make energy combustion making heat energy by burning fuels in one step aerobic respiration making ATP energy (& some heat) by burning fuels in many small steps ATP + CO2 + H2O (+ heat)

28. Energy needs of life • Animals are energy consumers • What do we need energy for? • synthesis (building for growth) • reproduction • active transport • movement • temperature control (making heat)

29. Where do we get energy? • Energy is stored in organic molecules • carbohydrates, fats, proteins • Animals eat these organic molecules  food • digest food to get • fuels for energy (ATP) • raw materials for building more molecules • carbohydrates, fats, proteins, nucleic acids ATP

30. What is energy in biology? ATP Adenosine TriPhosphate Whoa!HOT stuff!

31. ATP food ATP + 6CO2 + 6H2O  C6H12O6 + 6O2 glucose+oxygenenergy+carbon+ water dioxide O2 Harvesting energy stored in food • Cellular respiration • breaking down food to produce ATP • in mitochondria • using oxygen • “aerobic” respiration • usually digesting glucose • but could be other sugars, fats, or proteins

32. food O2 ATP CO2 H2O What do we need to make energy? • The “Furnace” for making energy • mitochondria • Fuel • food:carbohydrates, fats, proteins • Helpers • oxygen • enzymes • Product • ATP • Waste products • carbon dioxide • then used by plants • water Make ATP!Make ATP!All I do all day…And no oneeven notices! enzymes

33. Mitochondria are everywhere!! animal cells plant cells

34. Using ATP to do work? ATP • Can’t store ATP • too unstable • only used in cell that produces it • only short term energy storage • carbohydrates & fats are long term energy storage work Adenosine TriPhosphate Adenosine DiPhosphate ADP A working muscle recycles over 10 million ATPs per second Whoa!Pass me theglucose & oxygen!

35. { • energy needed even at rest • activity • temperature control { • growth • reproduction • repair { • glycogen(animal starch) • fat A Body’s Energy Budget 1 make energy ATP eatfood 2 synthesis (building) 3 storage

36. O2 What if oxygen is missing? • No oxygen available = can’t complete aerobic respiration • Anaerobic respiration • also known as fermentation • alcohol fermentation • lactic acid fermentation • no oxygen or no mitochondria (bacteria) • can only make very little ATP • large animals cannot survive yeast bacteria

37. O2 Anaerobic Respiration • Fermentation • alcohol fermentation • yeast • glucose  ATP + CO2+ alcohol • make beer, wine, bread • lactic acid fermentation • bacteria, animals • glucose  ATP + lactic acid • bacteria make yogurt • animals feel muscle fatigue Tastes good…but not enoughenergy for me!

38. Got the energy… Ask Questions!!