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MLAB 1415- Hematology Keri Brophy-Martinez

MLAB 1415- Hematology Keri Brophy-Martinez. Chapter 1 Introduction to Hematology. Chapter 1: Terms. Hematology Study of formed cellular blood elements: the white blood cells, red blood cells and platelets Hemostasis Arrest of bleeding by the formation of a barrier to blood loss

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MLAB 1415- Hematology Keri Brophy-Martinez

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  1. MLAB 1415- HematologyKeri Brophy-Martinez Chapter 1 Introduction to Hematology

  2. Chapter 1: Terms • Hematology • Study of formed cellular blood elements: the white blood cells, red blood cells and platelets • Hemostasis • Arrest of bleeding by the formation of a barrier to blood loss • Maintenance of an adequate number of cells to carry out the functions of the organism • Hematopoiesis • Dynamic formation and development of blood cells, normally in the bone marrow • Process responsible for the replacement of circulating blood cells

  3. Chapter 1 • Functions of the Hematology lab • Confirm a physician’s clinical impression of a possible hematological disorder • Establish a diagnosis or rule out a diagnosis • Detect an unsuspected disorder • Monitor the effects of radiation or chemotherapy

  4. Chapter 1: Blood Composition • Plasma: 55% • Constituents of Plasma • Water (92%) • Solutes(8%) • Albumins • Globulins • Fibrinogen • Others ( electrolytes, hormones, vitamins, lipids, salts, enzymes and carbohydrates)

  5. Chapter 1:Functions of Plasma • Transport medium for nutrients & metabolites • Immune Defense • Coagulation

  6. Chapter 1: Blood Composition • Cellular Elements • Leukocytes: 1% • White Blood Cell= WBC • Granulocytes- fight infection • Lymphocytes- cellular and humoral immunity • Monocytes- phagocytosis of foreign substances and dead or dying cells • Platelets: 1% • Thrombocytes • Help to maintain hemostasis by plugging capillaries and forming clots • Actually a fragment of cytoplasm from megakaryocyte • Erythrocytes: 43% • Red Blood Cell= RBC • Transports oxygen (O2) to tissues and excrete carbon dioxide (CO2) from tissues • RBC’s do not have a nucleus

  7. A Erythrocytes (RBCs) B&H Lymphocytes C&E Segmented neutrophil D Eosinophil F Monocyte G Platelets I Neutrophilic band J Basophil

  8. proteins, albumins, globulins, fibrinogen, electrolytes, hormones, nutrients, and respiratory gases 55% 45%

  9. Chapter 1: Blood Composition • Plasma:liquid portion of blood from an anticoagulated tubes • Serum: liquid portion of blood from a clotted specimen

  10. Chapter 1: Reference range • Differ according to age, race, sex and geographic location • Established by individual facilities in order to account for patient population • Refer to inside covers of textbook to review various reference ranges

  11. Overview: Laboratory testing • Complete Blood Count= CBC • Quantifies the white blood cells (WBC), red blood cells (RBC) , hemoglobin, hematocrit and platelets. • Calculates the RBC indices • WBC Differential: enumeration of the types of WBC’s, RBC morphology, platelets

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