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The preterite tense in Spanish is used to refer to completed actions that occurred at a specific point in time. It "freezes" actions in the past and conveys that they are over and done with. Common uses include specific instances, actions that interrupt ongoing events, or focusing on the beginning or end of an action. **Key rules** include the forms for regular AR/ER/IR verbs and irregular stems for specific verbs. This guide provides valuable indicators and examples to master the preterite tense effectively.
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¿Cuándo usamos el pretérito? Usually preterit situations have something to do with completed actions that can be placed at a specific point in time. The preterit tends to “freeze” an action or state in past time or to view it as over and done with.
Las Formas AR ER/IR • Hablar: • Correr • Asistir
SAFE • Specific instance or number of instances • Lellamó tresveces. El mellamó ayer • He called him three times. He called me yesterday. • Action that interrupts ongoing events • Ellallamómientras yo trabajaba. • She called while I was working. • Focus on beginning or ending of action • Llovióa las seis y media en punto. • It rained at exactly 6:30. • Enclosed amount of time (line segment) • Los árabescontrolaronmucho de España por más que 700 años. • The Arabs controlled much of Spain for over 700 years.
Indicadores • anoche – last night • ayer– yesterday • el lunespasado– last Monday • el mes pasado – lastmonth • el año pasado – lastyear • la semana pasado – lastweek • de repente – suddenly • estamañana (at end of a sentence) – this morning • estatarde (at end of a sentence) – this afternoon • a tiempo (at end of a sentence) – on time • de nuevo (at end of a sentence) – again • por fin (at end of a sentence) – finally • unavez (at end of a sentence) – one time / once • porprimeravez– for the 1st time
Pruebita • Whatistheacronymforthe uses of thepreterit? • Whatletters in theacronymwouldyouapplytoeach of thefollowingsituations? • One time my friendgave me a dollar. • At 3 westartedpractice • Alllastweek I ate onlygreenthings. • I wasgoingtothetheaterwhenI gotbuzzedby a car.
Irregulares de Raíz • Irregular stems> these verbs have irregular stems and all follow the same irregular endings (upper right corner): • “U” stem verbs: tener-tuv___, andar-anduv___, estar-estuv___, poder-pud___, poner-pus___, saber-sup___ • Hacer and Venir: have an irregular “I” in their stems: hacer-hic___, venir-vin___ • *Decir and *Traer have an irregular “j” in their stem: decir-dij___, traer-traj___ *(only different ending from other irregular stem verbs is the ellos/ellas/uds. Ending: -eron)
“uir” verbs • Verbs ending in –uir such as destruir; have a spelling change in the preterite. The I becomes a y in the el/ella/ud. forms and the ellosellasuds. Forms • Other verbs with double vowels such as leer, creer, oír, and caer(se), follow a similar pattern
Verbos Car Gar Zar • Theverbsending in “-car” “-gar” “-zar” allhave irregular yo forms in thepreterit • Car changesto qué • Gar changestogué • Zar changestocé • Ej: yo practiqué • Ej: yo jugué • Ej: yo almorcé
Irregulares • Dar and Vertake all regular “er/ir” endings but neither have accents in any form • Ir and Ser are our “FU” verbs because all of their forms have the letters f and u in them.
Verbos de cambio de raíz • Only –IR stem-changingverbsfromthepresent tense stemchange in thepreterit (pedir, sentir, servir, divertirse, preferir, sugerir, vestirse, dormir, morir) • Theyonlychangee-i and o-u and theyonlychange in thebottom of theboot (él/ella/ud. ellos/ellas/uds.)
El “Checklist” de lasformas • AR: yo –é, tú -aste, él/ella/ud. –ó, nosotros –amos, vosotros –asteis, ellos/ellas/uds. –aron • ER/IR: yo –í, tú -iste, él/ella/ud. -ió, nosotros –imos, vosotros –isteis, ellos/ellas/uds. –ieron • Stem-changers: -IR, e-ioro-u, bottom of theboot • Reflexives: same as any tense! • Irregulars: • Decir and Traer “J” no “i” in uds. • Tener and Hacer “tuv” and “hic” exceptud.—“hiz” • Dar and Ver—”-ir” endings no accents • Ir—”fu-” no “i” in uds.
