班級：碩專人資一甲 科目： 組織安全文化

1. 班級：碩專人資一甲 科目：組織安全文化 了解員工為何讓自己置身於危險之中 (UNDERSTANDING WHY EMPLOYEES PUT THEMSELVES AT RISK) 報告人：林侑燦 學號：NA27Y003 指導老師：李金泉

2. Understanding at-risk behaviors helps in identifying and understanding what safe behavior looks like. 了解危險行為有助於識別和了解安全行為。 What would you observe if an employee was doing a specific task safely? 如果員工被交付無危險性之特定工作，你會發現什麼？ What would you observe if an employee was doing a task at-risk? 假若員工執行的工作具有危險性，你會發現什麼？

3. Think about the effects of the pyramid that we discussed in Chapter 12. 回頭思考一下我們在第12章中討論到的金字塔效應。 Figure 16-5 is presented here as a reminder why we must look at at-risk behaviors and near-misses to help reduce the probability of an incident. 圖表16-5在這裡是用來介紹及提醒，為什麼我們必須注意危險行為和近似差錯，以助於減少事故發生的可能性。

4. 圖表16-5 Figure 16-5 The 1969 U.S. Ratio Study. Bird, Frank E., George L. Germain, Loss Control Management: Practical Loss Control Leadership, revised ed.,p. 5, Figure 1-3,Det Norske Veritas (U.S.A.), Inc., 1996. Reprinted with permission. 圖表16-5 1969年美國的比例研究。Bird, Frank E., George L. Germain，損失控制管理：實用損失控制領導能力，修訂版，頁5，圖表1-3，挪威船級社（美國）公司，1996年。授權轉載。

5. Without this information, when we develop safety rules and operating procedures, investigate incidents, conduct safety meetings, and train employees, we may not identify some at-risk behavior. 如果沒有這些資訊，當我們制定出安全規則和作業程序、事故調查、進行安全會議及培訓員工時，我們可能無法識別出一些危險行為。 This is true when we develop job hazard analyses. Safety issues occur when job descriptions or learners’ checklists are vague and unclear,are not communicated in terms of what to do, and are not tied to the job hazard analysis. 當我們研究工作危害分析時會知道這是千真萬確的。當職務說明或學習清單含糊不清，並未傳達依據何者去實行以及未以工作危害分析為條件則會導致安全問題。

6. We think that you will agree that everyone engages in thousands of behaviors per day. Think about what you do on a daily basis. Focusing on behaviors can reduce injuries (Figure 16-6). 我們認為你應該會認同，每個人每天都進行著成千上萬次的行為。想想你每天都做了些什麼。注意這些行為可減少傷害（圖表16-6）。 Consider the amount of risk that you create for yourself and others, for example, driving on a major highway moving from one lane to another in heavy traffic. 想想你為自己及他人所帶來的風險量。例如：在一條交通繁忙的主要高速公路車道上，將車切換到另一條車道。

7. It is important that you understand behavior categories that account for incidents (near misses or loss-producing events). 了解事故原因的行為種類對你來說是很重要的(近似差錯或損失產生等事件)。 Once you understand these at-risk behaviors, you can create awareness that, if done correctly, will help to minimize the chance of incidents. 一旦你了解這些危險行為，你可以建立警覺意識，如果做法正確，將有助於減少發生事故的機會。 Figure 16-6 gives an overview of unsafe behaviors as the results of system influences. 圖表16-6指出了不安全行為的概況作為制度影響的結果。

8. 圖表16-6 Figure 16-6 Focusing on behaviors can reduce injuries. French, Anne R., “Achieving a Total Safety Culture: Integrating Behavioral Safety into the Construction Environment, ”Safety Performance Solutions, Presentation June 30, 1999, Atlanta. Reproduced with permission. 圖表16-6 注意行為可以減少傷害。French, Anne R.，“實現總體安全文化：整合行為安全至施工環境“。安全績效解決方案，1999年6月30日發表於亞特蘭大。授權轉載。