Research opportunities for seniors

1. Research opportunities for seniors • ..\Nanosure_flier_2013[1].pdf

2. Homework: Extra credit - due Monday Presentation on the case . What has happened in the last 10 years? Why? How was the evidence involved? Agenda: 2/22 • Warm-up: Case introduction • CSI #3 Best Presentation • Evidence – • How to classify evidence Apply to Murder Case Graphic organizer to assess evidence

3. Warm-up: • The “Fatal Vision” Murders • Skim the case to determine: • Who • What • When • Where

4. Evidence Objectives: • What is meant by physical evidence and give examples • The significance of individual and class evidence • The difference between indirect and direct evidence

5. Evidence Characteristics • Class—common to a group of objects or persons • Individual—can be identified with a particular person or a single source Fingerprints Blood DNA Typing

6. Class vs Individual Evidence Which examples do you think could be individual evidence?

7. Class vs Individual Evidence • The large piece of glass fits exactly to the bottle; it is individual evidence. • These fibers are class evidence; there is no way to determine if they came from this garment.

8. Types of Evidence Two general types: • Testimonial—a statement made under oath • Direct evidence or Prima Facie evidence • Physical—any object or material that is relevant in a crime • Indirect evidence • Examples: hair, fiber, fingerprints, documents, blood, soil, drugs, tool marks, impressions, glass.

9. Value of Physical Evidence • Generally more reliable than testimonial • Has the ability to: • prove that a crime has been committed • corroborate or refute testimony • link a suspect with a victim or with a crime scene • establish the identity of persons associated with a crime • allow reconstruction of events of a crime

10. Reconstruction Physical Evidence is used to answer questions about: • what took place • how the victim was killed • number of people involved • sequence of events A forensic scientist will compare the questioned or unknown sample with a sample of known origin.

11. Jeffrey MacDonald Case • North Carolina

12. Classifying Evidence • Read the case • List 25+ items of evidence in the case • Class notebook

13. Classifying Evidence • Classify the 25+ evidence items • 1st Physical vs. Testimonial • 2nd Class vs. Individual • 3rd Type of Physical Evidence • Transient • Pattern • Conditional • Transfer – Direct and Indirect • Nature of the materials • Class vs. individual • Associative—

14. Evidence • Blood in the kitchen P, I, Pattern, Biological, Direct transfer

15. Types of Physical Evidence- Terms that are used • Transient • Pattern • Conditional • Transfer – Direct and Indirect • Nature of the materials • Class vs. individual • Associative— How will you remember the terms and what they mean?

16. Organize your classification into a graphic organizer Examples of graphic organizers Many types exist

17. Examples Transient Evidence: temporary; easily changed or lost; usually observed by the first officer at the scene • Odor—putrefaction, perfume, gasoline, urine, burning, explosives, cigarette or cigar smoke • Temperature—surroundings, car hood, coffee, water in a bathtub, cadaver • Imprints and indentations—footprints, teeth marks in perishable foods, tire marks on certain surfaces • Markings

18. Pattern Evidence—produced by direct contact between a person and an object or between two objects are in the form of imprints, indentations, striations, markings, fractures or deposits. • Clothing or article distribution • Gun powder residue • Material damage • Body position • Tool marks • Modus operandi Examples • Blood spatter • Glass fracture • Fire burn pattern • Furniture position • Projectile trajectory • Tire marks or skid marks

19. Conditional Evidence—produced by a specific event or action; important in crime scene reconstruction and in determining the set of circumstances or sequence within a particular event • Light—headlight, lighting conditions • Smoke—color, direction of travel, density, odor • Fire—color and direction of the flames, speed of spread, temperature and condition of fire • Location—of injuries or wounds, of bloodstains, of the victim’s vehicle, of weapons or cartridge cases, of broken glass • Vehicles—doors locked or unlocked, windows opened or closed, radio off or on (station), odometer mileage • Body—position, types of wounds; rigor, livor and algor mortis • Scene—condition of furniture, doors and windows, any disturbance or signs of a struggle

20. Classification ofEvidence by Nature • Biological—blood, semen, saliva, sweat, tears, hair, bone, tissues, urine, feces, animal material, insects, bacterial, fungal, botanical • Chemical—fibers, glass, soil, gunpowder, metal, mineral, narcotics, drugs, paper, ink, cosmetics, paint, plastic, lubricants, fertilizer • Physical—fingerprints, footprints, shoe prints, handwriting, firearms, tire marks, tool marks, typewriting • Miscellaneous—laundry marks, voice analysis, polygraph, photography, stress evaluation, psycholinguistic analysis, vehicle identification

21. Transfer Evidence • Direct Transfer • Example: I pet my cat and transfer cat hairs to my pants • Indirect Transfer • Example: 1st transfer: I sit on a couch and transfer cat hairs from my pants to the couch. • Example: 2nd transfer: My friend sits on my couch and picks up cat hair onto her clothing. • Transfer Evidence—produced by contact between person(s) or object(s), or between person(s) and person(s)

22. Associative Evidence • —items that may associate a victim or suspect with a scene or each other; ie, personal belongings

23. FBI Investigation Read a case investigated by the FBI. Observe the various units of their lab and read the section: “How They Do That?”. www.fbi.gov/kids/6th12th/investigates/investigates.htm