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Transformations in Agriculture and Industry: The Path to Capitalist Development

The evolution of agriculture and industrial practices laid the groundwork for economic modernization through the commercial revolution, enabling capitalist development. Key changes included mechanization driven by Scientific Revolution discoveries, crop innovations, and improved farming techniques. The Agricultural Revolution saw new crops like turnips and potatoes, advanced methods such as the four-field system, and a rise in specialized farming. This period also marked early industrialization, characterized by mass production, mechanization, and the emergence of a skilled labor pool in Britain.

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Transformations in Agriculture and Industry: The Path to Capitalist Development

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  1. AGRICULTURAL & INDUSTRIAL CHANGE

  2. AGRICULTURAL & INDUSTRIAL CHANGE • Commercial revolution set stage for economic modernization in form of capitalist development • Capitalist development made possible by mechanization of industry • Mechanization made possible by discoveries of Scientific Revolution • Agricultural changes create conditions necessary for industrialization

  3. AGRICULTURAL & INDUSTRIAL CHANGE AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION • Introduction of new crops • Improvement of techniques & practices • Development of new machinery • Created conditions necessary for industrialization

  4. AGRICULTURAL & INDUSTRIAL CHANGE AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION • Introduction of new crops • turnips, legumes, clover, potato • did not deplete soil • increased food production • Rise of specialized farming

  5. AGRICULTURAL & INDUSTRIAL CHANGE AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION • New Techniques & Methods • Four-Field System • more efficient land use • New machines • mechanized seed drill, iron plow • New breeding techniques • increased milk & meat products

  6. AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION • ENCLOSURE • consolidation of open lands by English landlords • caused discontentment among peasantry • but backed by force of law • Commercialization of agriculture

  7. AGRICULTURAL & INDUSTRIAL CHANGE EARLY INDUSTRIALIZATION • Growth of labor pool • Expansion of cottage industry system • Rise of mass production • Mechanization

  8. AGRICULTURAL & INDUSTRIAL CHANGE EARLY INDUSTRIALIZATION • New Machines • spinning jenny • water frame • steam engine • Rise of coal & iron industries Watt’s steam engine Newcomen’s steam engine

  9. AGRICULTURAL & INDUSTRIAL CHANGE EARLY INDUSTRIALIZATION • Britain’s Dominance • development of business-minded private sector • strong govt. support • mastery of seas • abundance of natural resources-esp. coal & iron

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