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Explore the distinct ways animals differ from plants and bacteria, the levels of classification in biodiversity, and the six kingdoms in the realm of life. Discover how organisms are categorized, named, and classified based on evolutionary relationships using binomial nomenclature, systematics, phylogenetics, and cladistics.

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  1. Starter #1Stamping cover page Scientifically describe two ways animals are different from plants. Scientifically describe two ways animals are different from bacteria.

  2. Introduction to Classification Chapter 17 Sections 1-3 Pages 336-350

  3. Biodiversity • Ecologists have classified over 2 million species • Many more to be discovered • Taxonomy: The science of describing, naming, and classifying organisms into a taxonomic system • Taxon: Any particular group within a taxonomic system

  4. Life is organized into increasingly specific groups

  5. Levels Domain Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species Specificity

  6. Mnemonic to remember order • D • K • P • C • O • F • G • S

  7. Dutch

  8. Kings

  9. Play

  10. Chess

  11. On

  12. Funny

  13. Green

  14. Squares

  15. Organization/Levels LevelsMnemonicExample (Tiger) Domain Dutch Eukarya Kingdom Kings Animalia Phylum Play Chordata Class Chess Mammalia Order On Carnivora Family Funny Felidae Genus GreenPanthera Species SquaresPanthera tigris

  16. Classifying humans • Domain: Eukarya • Kingdom: Anamalia • Phylum: chordata • Class: Mamalia • Order: Primates Family: Hominidae Genus: Homo Species: Sapien

  17. Three Domains • Created based on rRNA Evidence • Three Domains include six Kingdoms • Domain Bacteria (Prokaryotes) • Domain Archaea (Prokaryotes) • Domain Eukarya (Eukaryotes)

  18. KINGDOM EUBACTERIA • unicellular prokaryotes • true bacteria

  19. KINGDOM ARCHEABACTERIA • unicellular prokaryotes • chemosynthetic • extremophiles

  20. KINGDOM PROTISTA • Heterotrophic and autotrophic eukaryotes • unicellular or multicellular • Ex. kelp

  21. KINGDOM FUNGI • Heterotrophic eukaryotes • Absorb nutrients from surroundings • Ex. Yeast, mold, mushrooms, athlete’s foot

  22. Kingdom Plantae • Multicellular • Eukaryotes • Autotrophic by photosynthesis • Ex. Mosses, ferns, conifers, flowering plants

  23. KINGDOM ANIMALIA • Eukaryotic • All multicellular • Heterotrophic

  24. Six Kingdoms

  25. Binomial Nomenclature • How scientists name species • Invented by Carolus Linnaeus

  26. Binomial Nomenclature • How scientists name species • Invented by Carolus Linnaeus • Scientific (species) Name • Genus Name + species name • Written in italics • Genus is always capitalized • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tYL_8gv7RiE

  27. Value • Clarity • Binomial names avoid confusion created when using common names to refer to a species. • Example: In English-speaking parts of Europe, the bird called a "robin" is Erithacus rubecula. In English-speaking North America, a "robin" is Turdus migratorius.

  28. video http://www.brainpop.com/science/diversityoflife/sixkingdoms/

  29. SYSTEMATICS • The goal is to classify organisms in terms of their natural relationships • Uses similarities in appearance, embryos, chromosomes, proteins, and molecular molecules (DNA & RNA) • Two types: phylogenetics and cladistics

  30. PHYLOGENETICS • Phylogenetics: the analysis of the evolutionary or ancestral relationships among taxa • Based on common ancestors Phylogenetic Tree

  31. Phylogenetic Trees • Uses chromosomes and molecular molecules such as DNA, RNA, and proteins

  32. CLADISTICS • Uses shared and derived characteristics as the criteria for grouping taxa • Ex. feathers unique to birds

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