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Wave Menus: Improving the novice mode of Hierarchical Marking Menus

LIG Grenoble 1 France. 2 ENST Paris France. Wave Menus: Improving the novice mode of Hierarchical Marking Menus. Gilles Bailly 1,2 Eric Lecolinet 2 Laurence Nigay 1. INTRODUCTION. Compound Marking Menus Hierarchical Marking Menus. Compound marking Menus [Kurtenbach 93]. Novice mode.

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Wave Menus: Improving the novice mode of Hierarchical Marking Menus

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  1. LIG Grenoble 1 France 2 ENST Paris France Wave Menus: Improving the novice mode of Hierarchical Marking Menus Gilles Bailly1,2 Eric Lecolinet2 Laurence Nigay1

  2. INTRODUCTION

  3. Compound Marking MenusHierarchical Marking Menus • Compound marking Menus[Kurtenbach 93] Novice mode Expert mode Novice Mode

  4. Compound Marking Menus • Advantages • Circular design • Fluid transition • Scale independance • Limitations • Screen space requirement • Number of commands • Error rate in expert mode • Ambiguous marks in expert mode

  5. Multi-Stroke Marking Menus (Simple Hierarchical Marking Menus) [Zhao 04] • Solution Instead of considering a spatial compound stroke, Multi-Stroke menus introduce a serie of simple strokes. (1) (2) Novice mode Expert mode

  6. Multi-Stroke Marking Menus [Zhao 04] • Require less physical input space in novice & expert modes • Overlapped marks • Increase accuracy in expert mode • Increase the number of items • No ambiguous gestures in expert mode

  7. Multi-Stroke Marking Menus To sum up, Multi-Stroke marking menus have several advantages that outperform Compound Marking Menus in expert mode. However… Interaction is degraded in novice mode

  8. Multi-Stroke Marking Menus and Novice Mode • Menu parents are not visible • Submenus cannot be previewed Compound Marking Menus Multi-stroke Marking Menus

  9. Introduction • NOVICE MODE

  10. Why is the novice mode so important ? • It is the first interaction mode • necessary step before the expert mode • By exploring the menu, users learn where the commands are • It never disappears • Most commands are not often used • People with limited physical skills • It co-exists with the expert mode • Reuse after a long lay-off period

  11. Introduction • Novice mode • OBJECTIVES

  12. Objectives • A menu • As efficient as Multi-Stroke Marking Menus in expert mode • Efficient in novice mode • Usable with small screens A new technique: Wave Menus

  13. Introduction • Novice mode • Objectives • WAVE MENUS

  14. Wave Menus (1/4) The main feature : Parent menus surround submenus • Menu appears • Menu is enlarged • Submenu appears • Final item is selected

  15. Wave Menus (2/4) • User looks for Paris: • Scan Cities 1 • Scan Cities 2 • Scan Cities 3 • Select Paris Exploration of the menu hierarchy: rapid scan of different submenus

  16. Wave Menus (3/4) Scale independance Fast animation to enlarge the root menu

  17. Wave Menus (4/4) • Submenus Previsualization • Rapid scan of possibilities • Parent menus: • Always visible • Can be directly selected • Visual stability of the focus of attention

  18. Wave Menus (4/4) • Few physical input space • In expert mode, Wave Menus work exactly the same way as Multi-Stroke Menus Novice Mode (1) (2) Expert Mode

  19. Introduction • Novice mode • Objectives • Wave Menus • Experiment

  20. Experiment • Comparison of novice mode efficiency • Compound Marking Menus • Multi-Stroke Marking Menus • Wave Menus • Inverted Wave Menus

  21. Inverted Wave Menus • Wave Menus: • Children of the menu tree in the center • Parents on the outmost rings • Inverted Wave Menus • Tree nodes are displayedin the opposite order Inverted Wave Menus

  22. Task and Stimuli • Exploration of a 2-level menu • Search cities • Stimulus • A city name with his corresponding continent • The city appears several times One target Ex, to find Paris in Europe, users must navigate in the three Europe submenus Menus to visit

  23. Participants & Apparatus • 12 volunteers • Mouse rather than Stylus • Most of our users had no experience in using pen tablets • Mouse is much more commonly used

  24. Experimental design • 12 participants • X 4 menu techniques • X 3 submenu breadths (4,6 or 8 items) • X 6 times • = 864 menu selections

  25. Results: Speed • No effect on Reaction Time. • Significant effect on Execution Time for menu techniques

  26. Results: Speed • No effect on Reaction Time • Significant effect on Execution Time for menu techniques • Wave Menus are 18% faster than Multi-Stroke Marking Menus • Previsualization has a major effect in improving navigation. • 11/12 subjects said that they could easily get lost in Multi-Stroke Marking menus.

  27. Results: Speed • No effect on Reaction Time • Significant effect on Execution Time for menu techniques • With Inverted Wave Menus, Users complainted about the excessive distance between the items they had to read. • With Wave Menus, most users (10/12) said they were not bothered by the reversed hierarchy after sufficient learning time.

  28. Results: Accuracy 97% 97% 83% 93%

  29. Introduction • Novice mode • Objectives • Wave Menus • Experiment • Conclusion

  30. Conclusion • Importance of novice mode. • Wave menus • As Efficient as Multi-Stroke Marking Menus in expert mode • As Efficient as Compound Marking Menus in novice mode • usable with small screens • Future Work: Formalization of menu properties

  31. Thank you ?

  32. 3-Level Wave Menus

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