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DYNAMICS

Atkinson-Shiffrin Model:. DYNAMICS. Basic Sequence. Sensory Input. Short-Term Memory. Long-Term Memory. Sensory Memory. Suppose that you wanted to memorize the phone number of a restaurant: 562-7837. In terms of the model, your goal is to get this information into long-term memory.

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DYNAMICS

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  1. Atkinson-Shiffrin Model: DYNAMICS Basic Sequence Sensory Input Short-Term Memory Long-Term Memory Sensory Memory Suppose that you wanted to memorize the phone number of a restaurant: 562-7837. In terms of the model, your goal is to get this information into long-term memory. You look at a page of a phone book. Scanning the page, you find the listing you want. This is a “sensory input” to the system. The first stop is sensory memory.

  2. Atkinson-Shiffrin Model: DYNAMICS Basic Sequence Sensory Input Short-Term Memory Long-Term Memory Sensory Memory Attention A copy is made in the (visual) sensory memory store of the phone number you have seen, 562-7837. Generally, just paying attention to something in sensory memory moves it to short-term memory. However, with verbal information, there is an extra step because short-term memory prefers to take information in an auditory form—a form you can hear.

  3. Atkinson-Shiffrin Model: DYNAMICS Basic Sequence Sensory Input Short-Term Memory Long-Term Memory Sensory Memory Attention This is called auditory encoding, the changing of visual patterns to sounds. You do this when you “listen” to the sounds of these words on the screen. When information comes into our memory system (from sensory input), it needs to be changed (I.e. encoded) into a form that the system can cope with, so that it can be stored.

  4. Atkinson-Shiffrin Model: DYNAMICS Basic Sequence Sensory Input Short-Term Memory Long-Term Memory Sensory Memory Attention You have a new sequence of sounds in short-term memory: 562-7837. Your goal is to move this sequence into long-term memory. There are two strategies for moving information from STM to LTM: (1) repetition; (2) elaboration. The multi-store model mainly uses rehearsal.

  5. Atkinson-Shiffrin Model: DYNAMICS Rehearsal loop Basic Sequence Sensory Input Short-Term Memory Long-Term Memory Sensory Memory Attention Repetition When you repeat (rehearse) information, two things happen: 1. You repeat it in STM. Each time you do this, you “reset the clock” and get another few seconds before the information decays. Re: rehearsal loop. 2. You increase the chances that the information will be copied into LTM. But this is an unreliable strategy.

  6. Atkinson-Shiffrin Model: DYNAMICS Basic Sequence Sensory Input Short-Term Memory Long-Term Memory Sensory Memory Attention Elaboration Elaboration is much more effective. You retrieve related information from LTM and combine it with the information you are holding in STM. For example, you can use the letters that correspond to the digits on the phone dial and make a word out of the digits (i.e. SEMATIC ENCODING):

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