AP Focus

1. Chapter 25 AP Focus

2. Industrialization sparks urbanization Immigration! The wealthy move to the budding suburbs Surge in immigration Now from eastern and southern Europe Living and working conditions were not much better than what they left Tenement housing

3. Immigrants were not welcomed Asians, Eastern and Southern Europeans, and Jews faced hostility Nativists asserted that American culture was being weakened by these groups African Americans still struggle to achieve social acceptance and political/economic equality Booker T. Washington � gradualist approach WEB DuBois � aggressive, confrontation approach. Helped found the NAACP

4. The expanding gap between the wealthy and the poor, corruption of government, and other social and political concerns spur reformers to write books and journals. Prohibition movement began The foundations of the 20th century women�s rights movements are laid in the late 19th century Victoria Woodhull Jane Addams �new modern American woman�

5. Questions to Answer Did the development of American cities justify Jefferson�s claim that �when we get piled up in cities we will become as corrupt as Europe� Compare the heroic story of immigration as illustrated on the Statue of Liberty with the historical reality. Did urban life cause a decline in American religion or just an adjustment to new forms? Why did urban life alter the condition of women and bring changes like birth control and rising divorce rates to the family?

6. America Moves to the City Chapter 25 AP Notes

7. Migration 1880 � 72% of the population lived on farms 1910 � 54% lived on farms Today � 3% live on farms 1880-1920 population shifted in the U.S. from primarily agrarian to urban This trend, coupled with increased immigration, greatly affected the cities

8. Cause of internal migration Mechanization on the farms � men�s work Factories produced more goods that women once produced Rural women went to the cities to find work

9. African Americans Began to migrate to southern urban centers from rural South Racial violence Segregation policies Boll weevil destroyed cotton crops Floods in Mississippi and Alabama

10. How Cities Grew Before the Civil War people lived at or near their work � �walking cities� After the Civil War people began to use horse-drawn streetcars. Those who could afford to moved to the suburbs Movement out of the cities was helped by cable cars, electric trolleys, elevated trains, automobiles, and subways

11. Buildings Before C.W. � no higher than 5 stories After C.W. � steam driven elevators and steel girders permitted the construction of sky scrapers Specialized areas � 1 area for banking, law offices, and government offices, 1 area for retail, and 1 area for industrial

12. Urban living conditions Slums, overcrowded, rats Poor sanitation and disease, soot (coal furnaces), open sewers, backyard privies Crime Neighborhoods declined