美 国公共图书馆服务 Public Library Services

1. 美国公共图书馆服务Public Library Services 主讲人:宋曼玲 美国加州佛利蒙市图书馆前任馆长

2. 我们生活的时代The Time We Live In • 资讯时代 Information Age • 地球村时代 Global Village Age • 多元性文化时代 Multicultural Age • 因特网时代 Internet Age • 终生学习时代 Life Long Learning Age

3. 为什么要有图书馆Why – Libraries • 對抗無知 Whatever the cost of our libraries, it is cheap compared to the cost of an ignorant nation.” - Walter Cronkite • 比谷歌還棒 “It will be about 300 years until computers are as good as, say, your local library.” –Craig Silverstein, Director of Technology, Google.com

4. 图书馆 Library • 提供终身学习的资源 Lifelong learning • 提高个人及社区的生活质量 Quality of life

5. 益处 Benefits • 学习新东西 Discovery of ideas • 提高阅读兴趣 Joy of reading • 发挥知识的力量 Power of information • 尊重多元化社群和社区的需要 Respects diversity of opinion and community needs • 缩短信息鸿沟 Bridge digital divide • 提高文化和信息素养 Literacy and information literacy • 提高终身学习能力 (Life-long learning) • 促进地方经济 (Promote local economy)

6. 图书馆的大类Major Types of Libraries • 大学图书馆 Academic Libraries • 专业图书馆 Special Libraries • 中小学图书馆 School Libraries • 公共图书馆 Public Libraries

7. 大学图书馆Academic Libraries (ARL, ACRL) • 設有研究院的大學的图书馆 Research University Library 四年制大學的图书馆 4-Year College Library • 兩年制的社區大學图书馆 Community College Library • 一般民眾能否使用大學圖書館 Public Access to academic libraries

8. 专业图书馆Special Libraries (SLA) • 法律圖書館Law Library • 醫藥學圖書館Medical Library in University or Hospital • 政府机关圖書館 GovernmentLibrary • 企業或公司圖書館Company Library • 一般民眾能否使用Public Access

9. 中小学图书馆School Libraries • 公立与私立学校 Public Schools vs Private Schools • 有教师资格的专业图书馆员 Credentials for Librarian/Teacher • 家长会义工们 PTA Volunteers

10. 公共图书馆Public Libraries (PLA) • 大都会图书馆 Major Urban Resource Libraries • 市立图书馆City Libraries • 县立图书馆County Libraries • 独立特区图书馆 Independent Special District Libraries • 主权合并的图书馆 Joint Powers of Authority (JPA)Libraries

11. 公共图书馆Public Libraries (PLA) • 州图书馆State Library It advises, consults with, and provides technical assistance to public libraries, and it directs state and federal funds to support local public libraries and statewide library programs (California State Library) and services. • 图书馆合作组织 Library Systems/ Consortium

12. 公共图书馆主旨Public Libraries Mission • 支助学龄前儿童及成人学习 Support early childhood and adult literacy • 提供终身学习的资源 Providing opportunities for life-long learning • 社区信息中心 Serving as an integral component of the community’s economic engine • 社區多元族類聚集中心 Bringing diverse people together in a community gathering place • 提供追求知识的自由 Supporting democracy and an informed citizenry by providing free and uncensored access to a vast array of information

13. 公共图书馆馆长职责Public Library Director • 政策Policy and Regulation Recommendation and Execution • 建筑Facility Construction, Renovation, Maintenance • 科技Technical Advisory and Technology Management • 职员Employment, Supervision of Staff • 预算 Budget and Report • 筹款 Fund raising • 公关Public Relations • 社区Community Involvement • 馆藏 Collection Development • 代表Participation in State and National Library Organizations

17. 阿拉米达县图书馆主旨Alameda County Library Mission • The Mission - The Alameda County Library system provides and protects access to books, information and services that promote learning and enjoyment for everyone. • 提供保护追求知识的自由及求知的快乐

18. 阿拉米达县图书馆梦想Alameda County Library Vision • The Vision - The Alameda County Library system will be a model of excellence in library service, with books and other materials, hours, technology and facilities that meet the needs of our communities. • 为社区提供终身学习资源的模范

19. 阿拉米达县图书馆主要價值Alameda County Library Core Values • Core Values - Accessibility, Community involvement, Customer service, Diversity, Excellent library collections, Friendly, comfortable libraries, Intellectual freedom, Library staff and volunteers • 主要價值 – 方便﹐溶入社區﹐顧客服務﹐多元性﹐最好的館藏﹐友善﹐舒適﹐求知自由﹐員工和義工。

20. 经费来源County Library Funding Source • 房地产税 Property tax 64% • 公共设施税Utility Users Tax (UUT) 12% • 市政府付的服务合约费 City and Other Contracts 8% • 州政府的补助费 State Fund 2% • 其它Miscellaneous (Fines, Donations etc.) 8% • 上年度余款 Fund Balance 6%

21. 图书馆 Library • 书库Warehouse of books, DVD’s • 數字图书馆Digital Library • 免費使用電腦中心Free Computer Center • 作功課的地方 Study Hall • 免費托兒所 Childcare Center • 社區活動中心Community Activity Center • 畫廊藝術品展覽中心Art Gallery • 會議廳 Meeting Rooms

22. 服务计划 Service Plan • 政策与条例Policies and Regulations • 图书馆Building • 员工，顾客，社区，媒体，上级People • 图书馆的网页Web • 经费分配 Resource Allocation • 服务的项目及种类 Services • 定期性策略计划检讨Regular Strategic Planning

23. 图书馆建築Library Building • 以顾客为中心的社区活动中心 Customer Centered • 显而易见的陆标 Local Landmark • 美观实用 Aesthetic and Practical • 学习进修的地方 Study Hall • 多元性Diversity • 館內館外的藝術品Public Art

24. 图书馆標誌 Signage • 美觀Visibility • 路標Street Sign • 图书馆的正門Building Sign • 图书馆內部Interior Sign • 教導性的標誌 Instructional Sign • 外文標誌 Foreign Languages

28. 人員 People • 圖書館委员会委员 Board members • 圖書館顧客Customers • 圖書館員工Staff • 圖書館志願义工 Volunteers • 培訓及繼續教育Training and Continuing Education

29. 工作人員 Staff • 縣市政府及圖書館的行政人員Administrators • 專業圖書館員Professional Librarians • 非專業工作人員Para-professional Staff • 電腦部門工作人員IT Staff • 圖書館委員會Library Board • 圖書館基金會Library Foundation • 圖書館之友會Friends of Library • 圖書館義工志願者Library Volunteers

30. 圖書館義工志願者Library Volunteers • 征聘 Recruitment • 职责分明 Clear job description • 培训 Training • 管理 Management • 为馆际策略发展的一部分 Part of overall Strategic Plan

31. 圖書館顧客 Customers • 兒童 Children • 青少年人Teens • 大學生College Students • 成人Adults • 耆英Older Adults • 殘障人士 Disabled • 脫離文盲的新學生Functional Illiterates, New Learners • 受監禁者Incarcerated • 學校Schools • 社會團體Organizations • 媒體Media

32. 脫離文盲的新學生Functional Illiterates, New Learners • Start with a Story • A Project of the Alameda County Library, • Father’s Day At Glenn Dyer Jail

33. 顧客調查Needs Assessment - 統計資料 Statistics (Census, School District Reports) - 顧客建議 User Comments /Suggestions

34. 图书馆主管资格能力确认 Core Competency of library manager • 领导Leadership • 人事Personnel management • 策划管理Planning and organizational skills • 资源运用Resource management • 思考能力Critical thinking • 顾客服务 Customer service • 沟通能力 Communication

35. 專業館員职责 Librarians • 精選Select • 文獻採購Acquire • 組織Organize and give access • 保藏Preserve and conserve • 協助顧客Assist library users • 教學Instruct library users • 行政工作 Administer and manage library resources, services and programs

36. 專業館員资格能力确认Core Competency for Librarian • 提倡 拥护 Advocacy • 活动节目Programming • 知讯服务Reference and Readers’ Advisory • 资源管理Collection Management • 顾客服务Customer Service • 沟通能力 Communication

37. 提倡推广图书馆Advocacy and Outreach • 民选代表 Legislative Day and Legislators • 附近大学Local Colleges and Universities • 校区School Districts • 中小学校Local Schools • 商会Chamber of Commerce • 文化艺术团体 Arts and Cultural Groups

38. 提倡推广图书馆Advocacy and Outreach • 社会服务组织Social Services Organizations • 公益和代表不同族裔的社团 Community and Ethnic Organizations • 宗教团体Religious Organizations, Churches, Temples • 不同年龄不同性质的公益组织及俱乐部 Clubs

39. 服務项目 Services • 普通服務Traditional Library Services • 奢侈服務Additional or Fee-based Services • 多元性活动節目Programming of all topics for all ages • 教學性服務 Instructional Services for all ages • 特展Displays • 圖書館网站出版物 Library webpage publishing

41. 館藏 Library Collections • 暢銷或古典讀物Popular Collection or Classics • 暂租讀物 McNaughton Plan • 資料性 Informational • 教育性 Educational • 娛樂性Recreational • 館際互调Roving Collection • 電子資料庫Digital Collection • 外文資料Languages • 傳統式或書店式佈置Traditional Display or Bookstore Display • 與其它圖書館合作資源共享Consortium

42. 網絡的影響Impact of Internet • 全天候服務24/7 Service • 方便顧客 Convenience for Customers • 電腦中心Library as Popular Computer Center • 答客問減少Decrease in Reference Questions • 書籍借出減少Decrease in Print Material Circulation • 新科技需求增加Demand of new technology and technical support • 需要解決科技困難能力 Demand for technical problem solving skill • 科技人才之需Need for IT staffing • 館員培訓之需 Need for constant staff training • 與其它圖書館合作資源共享之需Demand for ILL and Consortium

43. 收费与否 Fees Debate • 免費平等使用原则 Free and Equal Access • 公共資源共享原则 Shared Public Property • 服務重點 – 一般性服務或奢侈性服務 Priority of Service – Traditional or Fee-based Services

44. 收费与否 Fees Debate • 人民已纳过税Tax as main funding source • 费用可能低 Perceived low cost • 预料之外的费额Unanticipated costs • 公众不良反应Negative public reception • 计划 Coordination • 培训Training, maintenance • 目标次序难定Difficult to establish priority • 受费标准 Quantitative information for accounting system

45. 收费项目 Fees • 邮寄书籍Books by mail • 录影带费用Fee for Videos/DVD’s • 畅销书优先费用 Priority fee for best sellers • 预约费用 Fee for holds • 館際互借 Interlibrary Loan • 影印文件Printing • 监考和公证服务费用 Exam proctoring and notary services • 办护照 Passport Service

46. 收费项目 Fees • 宠物执照Service fee for issuing annual licenses and permits for cats and dogs. • 非當地居民租用器材费用 Tool loan for non-resident • 非當地居民借書證 Non-resident Card Registration • 會議室或器材租用Rental fee of Meeting Room and Equipment • 圖書館內咖啡室 Coffee Shop

47. Income Generating

48. 罰款 Fines • 過期罰款 Overdue • 遺失陪款Lost Items • 一律數目罰款 Same Charge All Users? • 不同數目罰款Different Charge Based On Age, or type of materials?

49. 未來趨勢 Future • 圖書館为社區公益服務的領導 Library as leader in the community • 圖書館为民众学习电脑技能的中心 Library as learning center for new technology • 圖書館工作效率強 Work smarter, need to update strategic plan regularly • 圖書館配合顧客所需所求Align Library with customer wants and needs • 圖書館是多項功能的團隊Cross functional teams • 圖書館員工及組織善於應變 Staff and structure library in the Age of Continuous Change

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