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Fire Safety

Fire Safety . Keypoint Health Services 2005. What is so important?.

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Fire Safety

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  1. Fire Safety Keypoint Health Services 2005

  2. What is so important? • Workplace fires and explosions kill 200 and injure more than 5,000 workers each year. In 1995, more than 75,000 workplace fires cost businesses more than $2.3 billion. "Fires wreak havoc among workers and their families and destroy thousands of businesses each year, putting people out of work and severely impacting their livelihoods," said then Secretary of Labor Robert B. Reich (1996, October 8). "The human and financial toll underscores the serious nature of workplace fires."

  3. OSHA STANDARDS • 1910.37(a)The danger to employees must be minimized. • 1910.37(a)(1) Exit routes must be kept free of explosive or highly flammable furnishings or other decorations. • 1910.37(a)(2) Exit routes must be arranged so that employees will not have to travel toward a high hazard area, unless the path of travel is effectively shielded from the high hazard area by suitable partitions or other physical barriers.

  4. OSHA STANDARDS • 1910.37(a)(3) Exit routes must be free and unobstructed. No materials or equipment may be placed, either permanently or temporarily, within the exit route. The exit access must not go through a room that can be locked, such as a bathroom, to reach an exit or exit discharge, nor may it lead into a dead-end corridor. Stairs or a ramp must be provided where the exit route is not substantially level

  5. OSHA STANDARDS • .1910.37(a)(4) Safeguards designed to protect employees during an emergency (e.g., sprinkler systems, alarm systems, fire doors, exit lighting) must be in proper working order at all times

  6. OSHA STANDARDS • .1910.37(b)Lighting and marking must be adequate and appropriate.1910.37(b)(1) Each exit route must be adequately lighted so that an employee with normal vision can see along the exit route.1910.37(b)(2) Each exit must be clearly visible and marked by a sign reading "Exit.“ • 1910.37(b)(3) Each exit route door must be free of decorations or signs that obscure the visibility of the exit route door...

  7. OSHA STANDARDS • 1910.37(b)(4) If the direction of travel to the exit or exit discharge is not immediately apparent, signs must be posted along the exit access indicating the direction of travel to the nearest exit and exit discharge. Additionally, the line-of-sight to an exit sign must clearly be visible at all times. • 1910.37(b)(5) Each doorway or passage along an exit access that could be mistaken for an exit must be marked "Not an Exit" or similar designation, or be identified by a sign indicating its actual use (e.g., closet).

  8. OSHA STANDARDS • 1910.37(b)(6) Each exit sign must be illuminated to a surface value of at least five foot-candles (54 lux) by a reliable light source and be distinctive in color. Self-luminous or electroluminescent signs that have a minimum luminance surface value of at least .06 footlamberts (0.21 cd/m2) are permitted. • 1910.37(b)(7) Each exit sign must have the word "Exit" in plainly legible letters not less than six inches (15.2 cm) high, with the principal strokes of the letters in the word "Exit" not less than three-fourths of an inch (1.9 cm) wide.

  9. What are the Hazards at Keypoint • Residential – Kitchen accidents, careless smoking, other apartments catching fire, faulty appliances, faulty wiring, van fires, arson • PRP – Kitchen accidents, faulty appliances, faulty wiring, van fires, arson • Clinics – Kitchen accidents, faulty appliances, faulty wiring, arson

  10. Safety Measures in Place • Smoke detectors • Fire extinguishers • Property inspections • Fire Drills

  11. COMAR Standards • PRP - • 10.21.02.10 • .10 Physical Plant. • C. Buildings. • (1) Any building used for a psychiatric day treatment center shall be kept in good repair, neat, clean, attractive, and safe. Housekeeping shall meet the highest possible standards of hygiene and cleanliness. All floors, walls, ceilings, windows, and fixtures shall be kept clean. Interior walls and floors shall be of a character to permit frequent and easy cleaning. The building shall be accessible to the handicapped. The facility shall be kept free of unnecessary accumulations of unused furniture, equipment, linen, clothing, and similar items. All paint shall be free from lead. • (2) The director shall provide for the safety and protection of all occupants and assure the elimination of all hazards. Adequate provision and training shall be made for fire-control equipment, fire escapes, and evacuation of persons in case of fire or other emergency. Fire drills shall be held on a regular basis.

  12. COMAR Standard • Residential – • 10.21.02. (4) The following emergency procedures are in place: • (a) Posted near the telephone are telephone numbers for the: • (i) Fire department, police, ambulance, and poison control center, and • (ii) Program's on-call staff; and • (b) An emergency evacuation procedure that is explained to and practiced by residents within 10 days of residence and, at a minimum, every 3 months after that

  13. Other Standards • We also must follow regulations for the state, counties and cities we maintain programs in.

  14. PREVENTION • SMOKE ALARMS - Why are Smoke Alarms Important? • More than 80 deaths occur in Maryland homes each year from fire. Most people die from SMOKE and toxic gases rather than fire itself. Many never even wake up. Most fires happen in residential buildings between 11 p.m. and 6 a.m., when most of the occupants are asleep. Most of the fire deaths in Maryland could be prevented

  15. SMOKE DETECTOR FACTS Most will recommend installing Smoke Alarms on the ceiling, or on the walls between 6 and 12 inches below the ceiling. This not only takes advantage of the fact that most smoke rises, but puts the detector safely above accidental bumps and the inquiring hands of children. Don't put the alarm within six inches of where the wall and ceiling meet, on either surface. This area has proven to be a "dead air" space that receives little air circulation. On the other hand, excessive "clean" air flow across a alarm can keep smoke filled air from reaching the smoke chamber of the alarm. Avoid putting alarms too close to heating ducts and cold air returns. Also avoid areas where nominal amounts of smoke may normally be present, such as kitchens or other cooking spaces, furnace rooms or near fireplaces or wood burning stoves.

  16. Maintenance Is Important! Smoke Alarms must be maintained properly to provide protection. How? Replace batteries and bulbs according to the manufacturer's instructions. Usually, the battery will last approximately six (6) months to one (1) year before needing replacement. Battery operated Smoke Alarms do require somewhat more maintenance, since batteries must be replaced at least once a year. Vacuum the grillwork of your alarm to remove dust, dirt, bugs and other debris which may prevent the alarm from working properly. Test your alarm periodically according to the manufacturer's instructions

  17. NEVER IGNORE THE SOUND OF A SMOKE ALARM! If a Smoke Alarm is sounding, there is a reason. You must be able to escape quickly and safely. Here are some steps you can take: Draw up and rehearse a fire evacuation plan from your office or home. Know two (2) means of escape from any room in the building. Always check the door to see if it is hot before opening it to escape. If you must go through a smoke filled area crawl on hands and knees, there will be less smoke and heat at floor level. Decide on a prearranged location outside of the office or house to meet, so you can count occupants and be sure everyone is safe. Call 9-1-1 from a neighbor's house or the nearest phone outside of your office or house. NEVER return to the inside of a burning building.

  18. Fire Extinguishers • A portable fire extinguisher is a "first aid" device and is very effective when used while the fire is small. The use of fire extinguisher that matches the class of fire, by a person who is well trained, can save both lives and property. Portable fire extinguishers must be installed in workplaces regardless of other firefighting measures. The successful performance of a fire extinguisher in a fire situation largely depends on its proper selection, inspection, maintenance, and distribution.

  19. Fire Extinguishers • Fires are classified into four general categories depending on the type of material or fuel involved. The type of fire determines the type of extinguisher that should be used to extinguish it. • 1) • Class A fires involve materials such as wood, paper, and cloth which produce glowing embers or char. • 2) • Class B fires involve flammable gases, liquids, and greases, including gasoline and most hydrocarbon liquids which must be vaporized for combustion to occur. • 3) • Class C fires involve fires in live electrical equipment or in materials near electrically powered equipment. • 4) • Class D fires involve combustible metals, such as magnesium, zirconium, potassium, and sodium. • Extinguishers will be selected according to the potential fire hazard, the construction and occupancy of facilities, hazard to be protected, and other factors pertinent to the situation.

  20. Fire Extinguishers • Extinguishers will be conspicuously located and readily accessible for immediate use in the event of fire. They will be located along normal paths of travel and egress. Wall recesses and/or flush-mounted cabinets will be used as extinguisher locations whenever possible. • Extinguishers will be clearly visible. In locations where visual obstruction cannot be completely avoided, directional arrows will be provided to indicate the location of extinguishers and the arrows will be marked with the extinguisher classification. • If extinguishers intended for different classes of fire are located together, they will be conspicuously marked to ensure that the proper class extinguisher selection is made at the time of a fire. Extinguisher classification markings will be located on the front of the shell above or below the extinguisher nameplate. Markings will be of a size and form to be legible from a distance of 3 feet.

  21. Fire Extinguishers • Portable extinguishers will be maintained in a fully charged and operable condition. They will be kept in their designated locations at all times when not being used. When extinguishers are removed for maintenance or testing, a fully charged and operable replacement unit will be provided.

  22. Fire Extinguishers • Extinguishers will be installed on hangers, brackets, in cabinets, or on shelves. Extinguishers having a gross weight not exceeding 40 pounds will be so installed that the top of the extinguisher is not more than 3-1/2 feet above the floor. • Extinguishers mounted in cabinets or wall recesses or set on shelves will be placed so that the extinguisher operating instructions face outward. The location of such extinguishers will be made conspicuous by marking the cabinet or wall recess in a contrasting color which will distinguish it from the normal decor.

  23. Fire Extinguishers • Extinguishers must be distributed in such a way that the amount of time needed to travel to their location and back to the fire does not allow the fire to get out of control. OSHA requires that the travel distance for Class A and Class D extinguishers not exceed 75 feet. The maximum travel distance for Class B extinguishers is 50 feet because flammable liquid fires can get out of control faster that Class A fires. There is no maximum travel distance specified for Class C extinguishers, but they must be distributed on the basis of appropriate patterns for Class A and B hazards.

  24. Fire Extinguishers • Once an extinguisher is selected, purchased, and installed, it is the responsibility of the Program Director to oversee the inspection, maintenance, and testing of fire extinguishers to ensure that they are in proper working condition and have not been tampered with or physically damaged.

  25. Fire Extinguishers • Supervisors and Safety Committees are responsible for conducting work site surveys at least annually. These surveys should include observations of worksite safety and housekeeping issues and should specifically address proper storage of chemicals and supplies, unobstructed access to fire extinguishers, and emergency evacuation routes. Also, they should determine if an emergency evacuation plan is present in work areas and that personnel are familiar with the plan

  26. It's easy to remember how to use a fire extinguisher if you can remember the acronym PASS, which stands for Pull, Aim, Squeeze, and Sweep.

  27. Aim at the base of the fire. If you aim at the flames (which is frequently the temptation), the extinguishing agent will fly right through and do no good. You want to hit the fuel.

  28. Squeeze the top handle or lever. This depresses a button that releases the pressurized extinguishing agent in the extinguisher. Sweep from side to side until the fire is completely out. Start using the extinguisher from a safe distance away, then move forward. Once the fire is out, keep an eye on the area in case it re-ignites

  29. Fire Alarms • Placed in multiple areas of buildings and each floor of apartment building • Pull fire alarm while evacuating the building • Call to report fire even if you pull alarm

  30. Evacuation • Staff should be assigned a designated area to check that it is fully evacuated • Close fire doors and office doors after checking area is clear • Establish a meeting place at least 100 feet from the building • Account for all staff and patients

  31. Fire Emergency Procedures If you discover a fire: Activate the nearest fire alarm. Notify the fire department by dialing 9-911. Give your location, the nature of the fire, and your name. Notify your Supervisor and other occupants. Fight the fire ONLY if: The fire department has been notified of the fire, AND The fire is small and confined to its area of origin, AND You have a way out and can fight the fire with your back to the exit, AND You have the proper extinguisher, in good working order, AND know how to use it. If your are not sure of your ability or the fire extinguisher's capacity to contain the fire, leave the area.

  32. If you hear a fire alarm: Evacuate the area. Close windows, turn off gas jets, and close doors as you leave. Leave the building and move away from exits and out of the way of emergency operations. Assemble in a designated area. Report to the monitor so he/she can determine that all personnel have evacuated your area. Remain outside until competent authority or your supervisor states that it is safe to re-enter. Evacuation Routes Learn at least two escape routes, and emergency exits from your area. Never use an elevator as part of your escape route. Learn to activate a fire alarm. Learn to recognize alarm sounds. Take an active part in fire evacuation drills.

  33. For more information Go to http://lhi5.umbc.edu/dhcd2/fcodes-new.htm For State and Local Fire Codes Or http://www.osha.gov/SLTC/index.html For a list of OSHA trainings and standards Return TO Exam

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