Medieval Europe: Transformative Changes and Dynasties

1. 2/13 Focus: • During the High Middle Ages, many changes took place in Europe. The growth of trade brought about new business practices and bigger towns • Do Now: • What was Joan of Arcs contribution to the Hundred Years War? • Add Parliament and guilds to the word bank

2. Middle Ages Test Review

3. The Early Middle Ages • Trade declines • Lack of central government • People have to become self sufficient • Knowledge and learning decline • Development of feudalism and the manorial system

4. The Franks • During the Early Middle Ages, a tribe known as the Franks took over Gaul, today Gaul is modern day • Clovis I, King of the Franks, converted to _____________ and gained the support of the Church France Christianity

5. The Franks • Charles Martel stopped the spread of Islam into Western Europe when he defeated the Moors at the Battle of _________________ • ____________________ was crowned Holy Roman Empire by the pope and was able to establish an empire that stretched across modern day France, Germany, and part of Italy Tours Charlemagne

6. Feudalism • occurs when there is weak centralized government and the people need ______________ • King divides __________in exchange for military service and loyalty • __________ hold the real power protection land Nobles

7. Feudalism Power • _______________ based on the amount of land owned • Knights follow a code of conduct known as __________________ • ___________ are bound to the land Chivalry Serfs

8. Feudalism

9. Feudalism • Lords give knights land • Knights give • lords loyalty and protection • give serfs protection and allow to farm land • Serfs work the land

10. Manorial System Economic • ______________ system that developed along with Feudalism • Primary economic activity was __________________ • Manor was based on the concept of __________________ Agriculture Self- sufficiency

11. Role of the Church Unifying • served as a _________________ force in Western Europe after the fall of Rome • __________ in monasteries helped preserve Greek and Roman knowledge • Popes had spiritual influence over followers and over time developed ___________ power Monks secular

12. Role of the Church • Popes were able to influence political leaders by threatening to _________________ rulers who did not follow the Church • Popes and rulers often had conflicts over power in Europe • Pope Gregory tried to expand power of the church over rulers • Investiture Controversy developed over the right to appoint bishops excommunicate

13. Monarchs begin to Centralize Power • William of Normandy conquers England at the _______________________in 1066 • Gave lands to Norman supporters; determines who builds castles and where • Takes a census of called the _____________________in order to create an efficient tax system Battle of Hastings Domesday Book

14. Monarchs begin to Centralize Power • King John is forced to sign the ________________ • Limited the power of the ________________ • King must obey the law • Magna Carta leads to the formation of the ____________ Magna Carta King Parliament

15. Crusades • Effects: • Trade increased • Kings gain more power • Increased cultural diffusion with the Muslim world • Relations between Christian, Jews, and Muslims became strained

16. Improvements in Farming • Horse Collar • Iron Plow • Three Field System

17. Commercial Revolution Trade • __________________ increased as a result of contact with Asia during the Crusades • ______________ dominated trade in southern Europe; Flanders in the north • Examples: Genoa, Venice; Hanseatic League Italian city-states

18. Commercial Revolution • Formation of towns helped weaken ________________ • Demand increased for ____________ rather than barter feudalism currency

19. Commercial Revolution Banking • ___________ developed to protect and invest people’s money • Skilled workers and merchants formed _____________ to set prices and standards for quality guilds

20. Art/Architecture/Philosophy/Literature • Architecture reflected the _________________ and use of __________________ to construct much taller buildings and huge stained glass windows. Gothic style Flying buttress

21. Art/Architecture/Philosophy/Literature Song of Roland • ___________________and _______________ are examples of medieval literature • _________________ studied Greek philosophy; tried to use reason and logic to support Christian religious beliefs Canterbury Tales Thomas Aquinas

22. One Hundred Years War • War between England and France • Began over dispute over succession to the French throne • Joan of Arc helped turn the tide of the war for the French • War showed that Knights were no longer effective in war • Contributed to the end of the feudal system