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Fragmentation and Alignment in Global Internet Governance

The concept of fragmentation in global Internet governance refers to disconnected physical links, data localization, content blocking, and more, highlighting the challenges posed by territorial fragmentation and state sovereignty. This fragmentation is countered by alignment efforts such as national securitization, cyber domain development, and the territorialization of information flows. The struggle between alignment and fragmentation involves issues like cyber-espionage, data sovereignty policies, encryption standards, and constraints on alignment due to the global nature of the Internet.

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Fragmentation and Alignment in Global Internet Governance

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  1. Alignment and Alignment and fragmentation fragmentation in global Internet governance Milton L. Mueller, School of Public Policy, Georgia Institute of Technology

  2. Polity Press, 2017

  3. Fragmentation sounds bad…but what is it? • Disconnected physical links • Data localization • Content blocking • Paywalls • Geoblocking • Route hijacks • VPNs • National Internets • Language differences • The digital divide

  4. Fragmentation Fragmentation Alignment Alignment

  5. The Mismatch The Mismatch The territorial fragmentation of The territorial fragmentation of state sovereignty state sovereignty

  6. Alignment Alignment The subjugation of the cyber domain to political jurisdictions

  7. Methods of alignment National securitization Development of cyber as military ‘domain’ Nationalization and centralization of threat intelligence and incident response National technical standards, ownership, procurement Kill switches Territorialization of information flows Content filtering Data localization Geo-blocking Alignment of critical internet resources Domain names IP numbers

  8. Linkage of cybersecurity to national security • Cyber-espionage (U.S. – China) • Cyber-sabotage (Stuxnet) • Data sovereignty (localization) policies • Export controls • Trade in telecommunication equipment (Huawei) • National encryption standards (back doors?)

  9. Constraints on alignment Global scope of the Internet Fait accompli globalization in names and numbers Default global interoperability Economic efficiency Network externality Sharing economies Competition and innovation The jurisdictional paradox Islands of control, or extraterritorial jurisdiction? U.S. vs Microsoft case

  10. Popular sovereignty in cyberspace

  11. The IANA transition: • First battle for popular sovereignty

  12. Questions? Questions?

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