PAST TENSE  El Pretérito

1. PAST TENSE  El Pretérito

2. El Pretérito: • is a past tense (“-ed”) • talks about what happened • Describes a completed past action

3. 1. REGULAR VERBS

4. Verbs ending in - AR • Pretérito endings for -ar verbs are:

5. Pretérito endings for –ER / -IR verbs are:

6. 2. VERBS ending in – CAR/ - GAR / -ZAR

7. CAR • If a verb ends in –CAR, we still use the regular –AR ending, but the stem will change in the YO form Drop the –car and add -qué • Practicar  Yo practiqué

8. - GAR • Drop the –gar and add gué • JUGAR  Yo jugué - ZAR Drop the –zar and add -cé • ALMORZAR  Yo almorcé

9. 3. Verbs that end in a vowel

10. For verbs that end in a vowel after you drop the temination AR, ER, IR.: aer – caer – to fall eer – leer = to read; creer = to think / believe oir = to hear oer – roer = to gnaw The third person singular form (él, ella, usted) uses the ending yó (rather than ió).

11. The third person plural (ellos, ellas, ustedes) uses the ending yeron (rather than ieron). The remaining forms gain a written accentover the letter “I”.

12. For example: leer- to read Yo leí Tú leíste Él, Ella, Ud. leyó Nosotros leímos Vosotros leísteis Ellos, Ellas, Uds. leyeron

13. Verbs that end in -uirchange in the same way, but the written accent overthe letter "i" onlyoccurs in the yo form. For example: construir- to construct Yo construí Tú construiste Él, Ella, Usted construyó Nosotros construimos Vosotros construisteis Ellos, Ellas, Ustedes construyeron

14. You will need to know the following Spelling-Change Verbs: caer (to fall) creer (to think/believe) leer (to read) oír (to hear) roer (to gnaw) construir (to construct) incluir (to include) influir (to influence)

15. 4. Stem-Changing Verbs

16. The only verbs that have a stem change in the preterite tense are those which meet the following three requirements: • The infinitive of the verb ends in –ir. 2. The verb was a stem-changing verb in the present tense. 3. It does NOT fall into one of the other categoriesof verbs in preterite: regular, car/gar/zar, completely irregular, * -ar and –er verbs that changed stems in the present tense do NOT change stems in the preterite- they are conjugated like all other regular preterite verbs

17. In preterite, there are two types of stem changes: 1. If the stem contains an e, it changes to an i( E to I ) sentir > sintió 2. If the stem contains an o, it changes to a u ( O to U ) dormir > durmió

18. In preterite, thestemonly changes in two forms: • Third Person Singular ( él, ella, usted) • Third Person Plural (ellos, ellas, ustedes)

19. Some examples:

20. You will need to know the following E to I verbs: Competir- to compete Requerir- to require, to need Conseguir- to get, to obtain Seguir- to follow, to continue Divertirse- to have fun, to enjoy oneself Sentirse- to feel Pedir- to request, to ask for Servir- to serve Preferir- to prefer Vestirse- to dress oneself Repetir- to repeat You will need to know the following O to U verbs: Dormir- to sleep Morir- to die

21. 5. “VUJI” Verbs / Verbs with Irregular Stem

22. Verbs whose stem change in: V stems • Andar  stem: anduv- • Estar  stem: estuv- U stems • Poder  stem: pud • Saber  stem: sup

23. J stems: • Decir  Dij – • Traer  traj I stems: • Querer  stem: Quis- • Venir  stem: Vin-

24. If the stem does NOT end in “J” you need to add the following endings after changing the stem

25. If the stem ends in “J” you need to add the following endings after changing the stem

26. 6. Irregular Verbs

27. SER / IR

28. HACER

29. VER

30. DAR