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A lesson for the 8 th grade student

Infectious Diseases. A lesson for the 8 th grade student. Kayla Shinneman , Amber Carney, Alicia McMahon , Takara Campbell, Robin Manzella HSC4302 Spring 2008. What will you learn?. Causes of infectious diseases Who, What, Where? Common infectious diseases Bacterial Viral

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A lesson for the 8 th grade student

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  1. Infectious Diseases A lesson for the 8th grade student Kayla Shinneman, Amber Carney, Alicia McMahon, Takara Campbell, Robin Manzella HSC4302 Spring 2008

  2. What will you learn? • Causes of infectious diseases • Who, What, Where? • Common infectious diseases • Bacterial • Viral • Preventing infectious diseases • Active immunity • Passive immunity

  3. Infectious Diseases • “Disease caused by organisms that enter the human body and multiply.” • The history • Since the beginning of time.

  4. Causes of Infectious Diseases

  5. What is the cause? • Most infections are caused by pathogens. • Pathogens live on all surfaces • Can spread through many different vectors and vehicles.

  6. 5 Causes 1. Bacterial 2. Viral 3. Fungi 4. Protozoan 5. Rickettsias

  7. Bacterial Most are harmless Causes most respiratory illnesses Can be cured by antibiotics Viral Causes the most illnesses Causes most forms of the common cold Cannot be cured by antibiotics The Virus vs. The Bacteria

  8. Spreading it around • Direct Contact • Indirect Contact • Animals • Vectors • Vehicles • Inanimate Objects • Environment

  9. Common Infectious Diseases

  10. Getting Sick is Never Fun • Common Cold • Influenza • Tuberculosis • Strep Throat • Encephalitis • Meningitis • Mononucleosis

  11. Common Cold • What is it? • Infection of your upper respiratory tract (nose & throat) • How did I get it? • Droplets in the air • Hand-to-Hand contact • Handling Contaminated Objects

  12. Common Cold • What are the symptoms? • Appear 1 to 3 days after exposure to cold virus. • Runny or Stuffy Nose • Sneezing • Sore Throat • Cough • Congestion • Low Grade Fever (Up to 102 F)

  13. Common Cold • How do I treat it? • No cure • Antibiotics do not treat cold viruses • Pain Relievers • Decongestant Nasal Sprays • Cough Syrups

  14. What is it? Viral infection of the respiratory tract (nose, throat, bronchial tubes, lungs) How did I get it? Spread through droplets in the air What are the symptoms? High grade fever (101 F) Chills and Sweats Dry Cough Headache Body aches & weakness Congestion Influenza (The Flu)

  15. Influenza (The Flu) • How do I treat it? • Bed Rest • Plenty of fluids • Antiviral Medications may be prescribed by doctor • Get your flu shot!!!

  16. Tuberculosis • What is it? • Bacterial infection that affects your lungs • TB infection vs. active TB • Very dangerous! (active TB) • How did I get it? • Highly contagious (active TB) • Spread through droplets in the air

  17. What are the symptoms TB infection: No symptoms Not contagious Active TB: Cough lasting 3 or more weeks Pain with breathing & coughing Slight Fever Unexplained weight loss Chills Night Sweats Tuberculosis

  18. Tuberculosis • How do I treat it? • TB infection: • TB medication INH used for 6-9 months • Active TB: • Several TB medications • Hospitalization

  19. What is it? Bacterial throat infection How did I get it? Streptococcal bacteria Highly contagious Bacteria spread through droplets in air What are the symptoms? Sore throat Red, swollen tonsils Swollen, tender lymph glands (in neck) Fever Headache Strep Throat

  20. Strep Throat • How do I treat it? • Antibiotics • Treating strep is very important!

  21. Encephalitis • What is it? • Viral infection causing inflammation of the brain • Can be life-threatening • How did I get it? • Insects • Other viruses

  22. What are the symptoms? Drowsiness Seizures Sudden Fever Severe Headache Nausea and Vomiting Stiff neck How do I treat it? Mild infections: Rest, healthy diet, plenty of fluids More severe infections: anti-viral drugs Encephalitis

  23. Meningitis • What is it? • Inflammation of the meninges • Can be viral or bacterial • Meningococcal Meningitis • How did I get it? • Spread through air droplets and direct contact with an infected person

  24. Meningitis • What are the symptoms? • High fever • Severe headache • Vomiting and nausea • Seizures • Confusion • Sleepiness

  25. Meningitis • How do I treat it? • Meningococcal Vaccine available! • Bacterial meningitis: • Immediate treatment VERY IMPORTANT • Requires IV antibiotics

  26. Mononucleosis • What is it? • Mono- “The Kissing Disease” • Virus • How did I get it? • Virus is transmitted through saliva

  27. What are the symptoms? Weakness Sore throat Fever Swollen lymph nodes & tonsils Skin rash How do I treat it? Bed Rest Plenty of fluids Mononucleosis

  28. Lets Experiment with Each Other • Get up & Move around the classroom • Only get 3 signatures from your classmates • Follow instructions carefully. • Have fun!

  29. Preventing Infectious Diseases

  30. Active Immunity Life long immunity Developed over time Ex: Disease A: Chicken Pox Bacteria A Bacteria Aa Passive Immunity Temporary immunity Few months Mother to baby How?

  31. Vaccines • 3 major types • Live Virus • Made from weakened virus strain • Killed Virus • Cause body to produce antibodies • Toxoids • Destroys toxic properties

  32. Impact of Meningitis Vaccine

  33. Always wash your hands Keep your house clean If someone is sick do not: Kiss Hug Be in close contact Never share your toothbrush The “five second rule” does not exist. Cook food completely Maintain healthy diet It’s Common Sense!

  34. Community Resources • Alachua County Health Department 224 SE 24th St. Gainesville, FL 32641 (352)334-7900 • School Nurse • American Red Cross 1724 NE 2nd St Gainesville, FL 32609 (352) 376-4669

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