The Cultural Geography of Latin America

1. The Cultural Geography of Latin America Mr. Marston Dominion Christian High School Marietta, GA

2. Objectives • Chapter Objectives Explain how geography, economics, and cultural diversity affect the population of Latin America Discuss how Latin America’s history continues to affect the region’s politics today Describe how Latin American culture is affected by religion

3. What’s Going on here

4. Population Patterns • 539 million people • 9% of the world’s population • Ancestors of peoples who migrated to North America were the first people to settle Latin America • Indigenous: people descended from an area’s first inhabitants. Are they native to the area or just came sooner than others? • Do exercise on page 212 (1,2) Discuss

5. What are the maps on the next slide showing?? Time period?

7. Ethnic Groups • Indians: Mexico, Central America and South America (Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia) Descendants of Aztecs and Incas Europeans: Spanish and Portuguese descendants at first (British, French, and German in smaller numbers) Argentina/Uruguay: immigrant nations. Africans: first came to work sugar plantations in the Caribbean and in Brazil Asians: came as temporary workers (Guyana, for example)

8. Indians in Ecuador • http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.south-images.com/ecuador/indians-andes-9749.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.south-images.com/photos-indians-ecuador-chimborazo.htm&usg=__GvkqyCa4VLc9oP_BvR9HgaDBd1M=&h=398&w=580&sz=89&hl=en&start=1&um=1&tbnid=Aa9Am7nacGWJiM:&tbnh=92&tbnw=134&prev=/images%3Fq%3DAndes%2BIndians%26hl%3Den%26safe%3Dactive%26sa%3DG%26um%3D1

9. Languages of South America • Spanish: primary language • Portuguese (Brazil) • French: Haiti, Martinique, St. Martin • English: Belize, Jamaica, and Guyana • Native Indian languages • Dialect: particular form of a language unique to a person or group. Examples of dialects in the United States? • 213 (1-2) • Most are bilingual: speak more than one language • Patois: dialects that blend elements of indigenous, European, Asian, and African languages. Gullah in the United States??

10. Languages of Latin America

11. Indian Languages

13. Suriname • http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://campus.udayton.edu/mary//resources/stamps/suriname/Surinam_Stamp_Files/images/surinamemap.gif&imgrefurl=http://campus.udayton.edu/mary//resources/stamps/suriname/surinamStamps.htm&usg=__oB1QCvMMTeWQZOabOw4Jz_wclL4=&h=353&w=328&sz=10&hl=en&start=6&um=1&tbnid=i_i2qCSYvo6mRM:&tbnh=121&tbnw=112&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dwhere%2Bdo%2Bpeople%2Blive%2Bin%2Bsouth%2Bamerica%26hl%3Den%26safe%3Dactive%26sa%3DG%26um%3D1

14. Indian Populations

15. Where do South Americans live • Live in 1/3 of regions land • 350 million in South America: most along the coast “Populated rim” Interior of South America: rain forests, deserts, mountains, and poor soil Coastal regions: better climates, fertile soil, and easy access to transportation systems Largest area where people live in South America • Amazon River mouth to Buenos Aires • Venezuela to Chile Where they don’t live • Amazon to Venezuela • Patagonia • 138 million: Central America and Mexico • 37 million: Caribbean

16. http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://campus.udayton.edu/mary//resources/stamps/suriname/Surinam_Stamp_Files/images/surinamemap.gif&imgrefurl=http://campus.udayton.edu/mary//resources/stamps/suriname/surinamStamps.htm&usg=__oB1QCvMMTeWQZOabOw4Jz_wclL4=&h=353&w=328&sz=10&hl=en&start=6&um=1&tbnid=i_i2qCSYvo6mRM:&tbnh=121&tbnw=112&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dwhere%2Bdo%2Bpeople%2Blive%2Bin%2Bsouth%2Bamerica%26hl%3Den%26safe%3Dactive%26sa%3DG%26um%3D1http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://campus.udayton.edu/mary//resources/stamps/suriname/Surinam_Stamp_Files/images/surinamemap.gif&imgrefurl=http://campus.udayton.edu/mary//resources/stamps/suriname/surinamStamps.htm&usg=__oB1QCvMMTeWQZOabOw4Jz_wclL4=&h=353&w=328&sz=10&hl=en&start=6&um=1&tbnid=i_i2qCSYvo6mRM:&tbnh=121&tbnw=112&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dwhere%2Bdo%2Bpeople%2Blive%2Bin%2Bsouth%2Bamerica%26hl%3Den%26safe%3Dactive%26sa%3DG%26um%3D1

17. Population Densities • Relatively low in South America because of size of countries • Very High in the Caribbean • Mexico: relatively low for the country Extremely high in Mexico City with over 18 million people (30,000 plus per square mile)

18. Migration • North: to United States Political freedom Economic opportunities Improved living conditions What states do they live in? Internal migration: Rural to Urban areas Difficult to make life as farmer: land is scarce Urbanization: the migration of people from the countryside to cities as well as change to a more urban society

19. MigrAtion Cartoon

21. Urbanization Continued p. 216 (1-2)

23. Growth of Cities • Mexico City • Sao Paulo • Rio de Janeiro • Buenos Aires • Top 20 cities in the world. Other populated cities in the world?

24. Buenos Aires, Argentina

25. Slums in Caracas, Venezuela

26. Rio and the CopaCabana

27. The Urban Setting • Megacities: cities that have expanded into the surrounding areas to have a population over 10 million people • Puts stress on infrastructure Safe drinking water Underground sewers New utilities Street maintenance Primate city: an area that dominates its country’s economy, culture, and political affairs

28. Urban Sprawl in Latin America

29. Urban Challenges • People move to cities for the following reasons Higher incomes More educational opportunities Better housing Increased access to health care Jobs and housing can become scarce and living conditions can be substandard

30. Panama CAnal • Engineering marvel • Save 7,000 miles from going around South America • Panama Canal Live Shots

31. Panama Canal Journey

32. Native American Empires • Maya • Aztec • Inca

33. Maya: 250 to 900A.D.

34. Mayan Temples

35. Mayan Calendar

36. Mayan temple video

37. Mayan Achievements • Calendar: accurately measured 365 day solar year • Glyphs: picture writings carved on stone. About 500 in use Astronomy Could predict solar eclipses Mathematics Concept of zero

38. The Aztec

39. Aztec CalendAr

40. Aztec 3 d-Temple

41. Aztecs (1325-1521) • Central Mexico

42. Aztec • Human Sacrifice/Cannibalism • Defined Class Structure: Nobility, Priests, Merchants, Slaves and Peasants • Agriculture: Crop Cultivations Chinampas: Fertile land areas that were constructed on rafts using the mud from the bottom of Lake Texcoco. (Maize, avocadoes, beans, squash, tomatoes) Chocolate. Used canoes to transport food back from islands.

43. Chinampas: Floating Garden

44. Aztec Human Sacrifice

45. The iNCA 1300-1500’s

46. p. 221 (1-2)

47. Accomplishments • Constructed massive temple structures • Used terracing • Constructed mountain roads • Domestication of animals (alpaca and llama) • Quipu: knotted cords to keep record of financial transactions

48. Machu Pichu: Lost City of incas

49. Machu Pichu

50. Inca • Believed in reincarnation • Cranial deformation among nobility • Architectural accomplishments: stone temple construction • Coca plants were sacred • No written language