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Ryan Adams Andrew Beam Michael Francesconi Noushin Sharmeli Zoe Waide Austin White

MIDDLE EAST. Ryan Adams Andrew Beam Michael Francesconi Noushin Sharmeli Zoe Waide Austin White. The Suez Canal. Sea level water way running across the isthmus of Suez, Egypt Connects the Mediterranean and Red Seas

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Ryan Adams Andrew Beam Michael Francesconi Noushin Sharmeli Zoe Waide Austin White

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  1. MIDDLE EAST Ryan Adams Andrew Beam Michael Francesconi Noushin Sharmeli Zoe Waide Austin White

  2. The Suez Canal • Sea level water way running across the isthmus of Suez, Egypt • Connects the Mediterranean and Red Seas • Shortest maritime route between Europe and lands lying around the Western Pacific Oceans • The canal extends 101 miles (163 kilometers)

  3. Suez Canal • Construction: April 1859 - November 1869 • People no longer had to travel around Africa • No locks; water flows freely through the canal • Owned and maintained by the Suez Canal Authority • In time of war any country may use the canal peacefully

  4. May, 1916 • During WWI • Named after Sir Mark Sykes (Britain) and Francois Georges-Picot (France) • Secret convention made between Britain, France, and with the assent of Russia • Arabs wanted to revolt against the Ottoman Empire • France and Britain were prepared to recognize and protect an independent Arab state or a confederation of Arab states

  5. The Sykes-Picot Agreement Led to the… • Partition/downfall of the Ottoman Empire • Division of Turkish-owned Syria, Iraq, Lebanon, and Palestine into French and British administered areas

  6. The Balfour Declaration • Nov. 2, 1917 • Written by Arthur James Lord Balfour to Lord Rothschild • British support for Jewish establishment in Palestine • Hoped the Jewish people would side with allies, during WWI

  7. The Balfour Declaration • Nations with the allies supported the Declaration • Palestinian Arabs felt betrayed, they were also promised the land • Both Jews and Arabs felt betrayed • Jews emigrated to Palestine, Arabs felt threatened and conflict arose

  8. MANDATE SYSTEM • 1919-1947 • League of Nations • Article 22 of Treaty of Versailles – A, B, and C mandates • A: Iraq, Palestine, Transjordan, Syria, Lebanon • B: Ruanda-Urundi, Tanganyika, Cameroon, Togoland • C: German New Guinea, Nauru, German Samoa, South Pacific Mandate, South-West Africa

  9. MANDATE SYSTEM • Goal: Independence • A: recognized as independent until able to stand on own • B: mandatory powers took responsibility • C: best interests served by integration into territories of mandatory powers • Class A: independent by 1947

  10. Early BP • 1901-1918 • Early BP called Anglo-Persian Oil Company • Funded by William D’arcy • Search for first oil led by George Reynolds • Found first oil in Persia: May 26,1908

  11. Early BP • Company now had oil, but few companies • Winston Churchill supported the company • Believed that they could give Britain a steady supply of oil • WWI broke out, company had no shortage of customers • British government seized BP’s assets, gave them to Anglo-Persian Oil Company during WWI • BP: German company based in Britain then

  12. OIL IN THE MIDDLE EAST • Exploration for oil began in 1860s • 1908—search in Egypt began, but failed • Later on, British company struck oil in PERSIA (now Iran) ----------- first BIG oil find in middle east----------- • D’Arcy—oil man •  1908-BIGGEST oil field in the world (at that time) found in D’Arcy’s territory • 1909→Anglo-Persian Oil→Anglo-Iranian Oil →British Petroleum

  13. Oil in the Industrial Revolution • black gold •  provides power for automobiles, airplanes, factories, farm equipment, trains, ships and MORE • generates heat and electricity for many houses and businesses.

  14. WORKS CONSULTED • http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/in_depth/middle_east/2001/israel_and_the_palestinians/key_documents/1681362.stm • http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/sykes_picot_agreement.htm • http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/577523/Sykes-Picot-Agreement • http://israelipalestinian.procon.org/view.answers.php?questionID=496 • http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/britain-and-france-conclude-sykes-picot-agreement • http://www.americanroyaltycouncil.com/Resources/HistoryofOil/tabid/109/Default.aspx • http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/darcy-william-knox-5882 • http://school.eb.com/eb/article-43475?query=middle eastern oil companies&ct=null • http://school.eb.com/eb/article-50719?query=early oil production&ct=null • http://www.geohelp.net/world.html • http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/balfour_declaration_of_1917.htm • http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/balfour.asp • http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/50162/Balfour-Declaration • http://www.bp.com/sectiongenericarticle.do?categoryId=9014440&contentId=7027520 • http://www.bp.com/sectiongenericarticle.do?categoryId=9014441&contentId=7027521 • http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/80326/BP-PLC • http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/92049/canal • http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/571673/Suez-Canal • http://www.menl.org • http://www.worldbookonline.com/advanced/article?id=ar341640&st=mandate+system • http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_was_the_World_War_1_mandate_system • Leczowski, George. The Middle East in World Affairs, 4th edition. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1980. • Walters, F.P. A History of the League of Nations. London and New York: Oxford University Press, 1952. • http://wa8.wikispaces.com/League+of+Nations

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