General Zoology Unit Four

1. General Zoology Unit Four

3. Annelida Eukaryotic, eumetazoans, protostomes Triploblastic, eucoelomates Bilaterally symmetrical (cephalization) Exhibit metamerism Hydrostatic skeleton Complete digestive tract Closed circulatory system Respiration by gills, skin or parapodia Well developed nervous system & sense organs

4. Annelida Excretion by paired metanephridia Chitinous setae in all but the leeches Sexual reproduction, monoecious & dioecious

5. Annelid Taxonomy Kingdom - Animalia Phylum - Annelida Class – Polychaeta (marine worms) Ex. – Nereis, Aphrodita Class – Oligochaeta (earthworms) Ex. – Lumbricus Class – Hirudinea (leeches) Ex. – Hirudo

6. Definitions Metamere – a repeating body segment Metamerism – the division of the body into a series of similar segments, each containing repeating arrangements of organs and systems Somite – a term that is synonymous with metamere

11. Filter feeding with radioles Polychaetes Active predator Detritus feeding with tentacles

12. Oligochaetes Detritus feeding with pumping pharynx Predators,detritus & fluid feeding with proboscis or cutting plates Hirudineans

13. Annelid Reproductive Differences Dioecious No permanent sex organs No clitellum External fertilization Polychaetes

14. Annelid Reproductive Differences Monoecious Permanent sex organs Permanent clitellum Internal fertilization Oligochaetes

15. Annelid Reproductive Differences Monoecious Permanent sex organs Temporary clitellum Internal fertilization Hirudineans

16. Go for it!!

18. Arthropoda Eukaryotic, eumetazoans, protostomes Triploblastic, eucoelomates Bilaterally symmetrical (advanced cephalization) Advanced metamerism resulting in tagmata Highly adaptable jointed appendages Highly adaptable exoskeleton and complex muscle system Open circulatory system Complete digestive tract

19. Arthropoda Respiration by gills, book gills, book lungs, body surface, and tracheae Well developed nervous system with complex sense organs Excretion through coxal, antennal and maxillary glands, and Malpighian tubules Sexual reproduction – dioecious, internal fertilizers, most exhibiting metamorphosis

20. Found on land, in the air and fresh and marine waters Over 1.2 million extant species Found from polar to tropical regions and in the bodies of other organisms Arthropoda Ecology

21. Arthropod Taxonomy Kingdom - Animalia Phylum - Arthropoda Subphylum - Trilobita (all extinct) Subphylum - Chelicerata Class - Merostomata Ex. - Limulus Class - Arachnida Order - Araneae (spiders) Ex. - Latrodectus, Loxosceles Order - Scorpionida (scorpions) Order - Opiliones (harvestmen) Order - Acari (ticks)

22. Arthropod Taxonomy Kingdom - Animalia Phylum - Arthropoda Subphylum - Crustacea Class - Maxillopoda Subclass – Cirripedia (barnacles) Ex. – Balanus Class - Malacostraca Order - Isopoda (includes pill bugs) Ex. - Armadillidium Order - Decapoda (shrimp, crab, lobsters) Ex. – Penaeus, Cancer

23. Arthropod Taxonomy Kingdom - Animalia Phylum - Arthropoda Subphylum - Myriapoda Class – Chilopoda (centipedes) Class – Diplopoda (millipedes)

24. Arthropod Taxonomy Kingdom - Animalia Phylum - Arthropoda Subphylum - Hexapoda Class – Insecta Order - Thysanura (silverfish) Order - Odonata (dragonflies) Order - Orthoptera (grasshoppers, cockroaches) Order - Isoptera (termites) Order - Anoplura (sucking lice) Order - Hemiptera (true bugs)

25. Arthropod Taxonomy Kingdom - Animalia Phylum - Arthropoda Subphylum - Hexapoda Class – Insecta Order - Homoptera (cicadas) Order - Coleoptera (beetles) Order - Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths) Order - Diptera (true flies) Order - Siphonaptera (fleas) Order - Hymenoptera (ants, wasps, and bees)

26. Six Reasons for Arthropod Diversity A versatile and adaptable exoskeleton Advanced segmentation and paired appendages Oxygen pumped directly to the tissues Highly developed sense organs Complex behavioral patterns Limited intraspecific competition through metamorphosis

27. Thermoregulation The acquiring, regulating and maintaining of body temperature through physiological and behavioral means Physiological – using body structures to generate, maintain, or release heat Behavioral – using body actions and movements to obtain, maintain, or release heat

28. Chelicerata Two body segments – cephalothorax (prosoma) and abdomen (opisthosoma) Six pair of appendages – one pair of chelicerae, one pair of pedipalps and four pair of walking legs No antennae or mandibles

29. Chelicerata

30. Class Merostomata

31. Class Arachnida Order Araneae

32. Class Arachnida Order Araneae

33. Class Arachnida Order Scorpionida

34. Class Arachnida Order Opiliones

35. Class Arachnida Order Acari

36. Crustacea Two body segments – cephalothorax (prosoma) and abdomen (opisthosoma) Most have a carapace Two pair of antennae Mandibles for chewing and crushing Biramous appendages

37. Crustacea

38. Class Maxillopoda Subclass Cirripedia

39. Class Malacostraca Order Isopoda

40. Class Malacostraca Order Decapoda

41. Class Malacostraca Order Decapoda

42. Crustacean Reproduction

43. Ecdysis

44. Myriapoda Body segments – myriapods have a head and trunk One pair of antennae Mandibles for feeding Uniramous appendages

45. Myriapoda

46. Class Chilopoda

47. Class Diplopoda

48. Hexapoda Body segments – insects have three tagmata – head, thorax and abdomen One pair of antennae Mandibles for feeding Uniramous appendages

49. Hexapoda

50. Class Insecta