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The Brain

The Brain. Mrs. Cavell Psychology. Are you going to prom this year?. Heck yeah…I have totally gnarley dance moves. Yes…my bf/gf/bff is forcing me! Not sure…I am afraid of the disco ball! No way…I would rather study current Psychology periodicals. . Early Brain Mapping: Phrenology.

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The Brain

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  1. The Brain Mrs. Cavell Psychology

  2. Are you going to prom this year? • Heck yeah…I have totally gnarley dance moves. • Yes…my bf/gf/bff is forcing me! • Not sure…I am afraid of the disco ball! • No way…I would rather study current Psychology periodicals.

  3. Early Brain Mapping: Phrenology • By studying the lumps on a person’s skull, early scientists thought that they could map out the brain. • Not accurate • But did lead to the idea of localization of brain functions.

  4. The Brainstem

  5. Hindbrain Structures • Cerebellum • Brainstem • medulla • reticular formation • pons

  6. Medulla • Breathing • Heart rate • Digestion • Other vital reflexes • swallowing • coughing • vomiting • sneezing

  7. Reticular Formation • Network of neurons in the brainstem (and thalamus) • Sleep and arousal • Attention

  8. Which of the following is not a function of the medulla? • Breathing • Digestion • Blinking • Sneezing

  9. Pons • Helps coordinate movements on left and right sides of the body • Helps maintain balance while moving • The bridge between brain and spinal cord

  10. Cerebellum • Word actually means “little brain” • Coordinated, rapid voluntary movements • e.g., playing the piano, kicking, throwing, etc. • Place where procedural memories are kept. • e.g. how to ride a bike, swim

  11. Which of the following is not an example of a procedural memory? • Recalling your 16th birthday • Riding a bike • Kicking a soccer ball • Playing the flute

  12. Forebrain Structures • Thalamus • Limbic System • Cortex

  13. Thalamus • Relay station in brain • Processes most information to and from higher brain centers • Like the Post Office taking incoming messages and delivering them

  14. The Limbic System • Hypothalamus • Amygdala • Hippocampus

  15. Parts of the Limbic System Amygdala • Emotional Center of the Brain. • Deals primarily with fear & aggression.

  16. Amygdala and Emotion • Identify emotion from facial expressions • Plays a role in fear & aggression Amygdala damage makes this task difficult (click on picture to advance photos)

  17. Parts Of The Limbic System Hippocampus • Helps us form new memories.

  18. Types of Amnesia • Infantile: Not being able to remember childhood memories as an adult. • Retrograde: Not being able recall past events • Anterograde: Inability to form new memories

  19. Which part of Clive Wearing’s brain was damaged? • Medulla • Reticular Formation • Amygdala • Hippocampus

  20. Parts of the Limbic System Hypothalamus • Provides us with pleasurable feelings for doing the things that keep our species alive.

  21. Hypothalamus • Involved in: • sexual behavior • hunger, thirst • sleep • water and salt balance • body temperature regulation • circadian rhythms (sleep/wake cycle) • role in hormone secretion

  22. Hypothalamus – Pleasure Center of the Brain • Rat with an electrode implanted in a reward center of its hypothalamus • Rat readily crosses an electrified grid, accepting the painful shocks, to press a lever that sends electrical impulses to its "pleasure centers." • How often did the rat press the lever in an hour? • 7,000 times!!! It finally collapsed from exhaustion (Olds 1958)

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