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New emerging chemicals in the coastal zone (xenobiotic substances) R.W.P.M. Laane (RIKZ/UvA)

New emerging chemicals in the coastal zone (xenobiotic substances) R.W.P.M. Laane (RIKZ/UvA). toxic. Industry. Green chemistry. Natural science. What did they thought?. Empedocles (ca. 400 v Chr) sweat of the earth Aristoteles (ca. 300 v Chr) bitter- and density

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New emerging chemicals in the coastal zone (xenobiotic substances) R.W.P.M. Laane (RIKZ/UvA)

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  1. New emerging chemicals in the coastal zone(xenobiotic substances)R.W.P.M. Laane (RIKZ/UvA) 6th ELOISE meeting, Portoroz, 14-18 Nov. 2004

  2. toxic Industry Green chemistry Natural science 6th ELOISE meeting, Portoroz, 14-18 Nov. 2004

  3. What did they thought? • Empedocles (ca. 400 v Chr) sweat of the earth • Aristoteles (ca. 300 v Chr) bitter- and density • Boyle (ca. 1600) salts (Cl-) • Lavoisier (ca. 1700) bitterness (MgSO4) • Gay-Lussac (1800) salt constant 6th ELOISE meeting, Portoroz, 14-18 Nov. 2004

  4. Greenhouse gasses each chemical can be analysed attention 6th ELOISE meeting, Portoroz, 14-18 Nov. 2004

  5. Distribution Cu surface sediments1981-1986-1991-1996 Strong reduction in concentration metals (< 2000) 6th ELOISE meeting, Portoroz, 14-18 Nov. 2004

  6. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH, six of Borneff) 1986 2003 6th ELOISE meeting, Portoroz, 14-18 Nov. 2004

  7. Hydrophobic substances Hydrophylic substances Scientific attention >2000 6th ELOISE meeting, Portoroz, 14-18 Nov. 2004

  8. 6th ELOISE meeting, Portoroz, 14-18 Nov. 2004

  9. • High production volume, many applications: e.g. industrial cleaning, pesticides, paint, leather, paper production • some possible metabolites are endocrine disruptors: nonylphenol, Alkylphenol ethoxylates (surfactants) 6th ELOISE meeting, Portoroz, 14-18 Nov. 2004

  10. A9PEO in North Sea water •very high dissolved concentrations at water surface •lower concentrations at 1.5 m depth • highest concentrations coincide with main shipping routes 6th ELOISE meeting, Portoroz, 14-18 Nov. 2004

  11. Excerpt of 3M commercial www.wfrfire.com O [ ] (C6F13C2H4O)3-nP(OH)n Carpet Protection Fire-fighting foam C(O)O(CH2)17CH3 C(O)O(CH2)17CH3 C(O)O(CH2)17CH3 C(O)OCH2CH2(CF2CF2)nCF3 C(O)OCH2CH2(CF2CF2)nCF3 ATOFINA commercial Textile Protection Perfluoroalkylated Substances Surfactant Polymer 6th ELOISE meeting, Portoroz, 14-18 Nov. 2004

  12. Scheldt estuary Perfluoroalkylated Substances Van de Vijver et al. (RUCA) ETC 2003 6th ELOISE meeting, Portoroz, 14-18 Nov. 2004

  13. Brominated flame retardants 6th ELOISE meeting, Portoroz, 14-18 Nov. 2004

  14. Are men on the way out? Toxic algae blooms Brent Spar Decrease in biodiviersity Global Change Doom and Gloom stories • Chemical substances • Priority compounds • Toxic compounds • Persistent dangerous pollutants • Hazardous/deleterious chemical • Deadly toxins • Xenobiotics 6th ELOISE meeting, Portoroz, 14-18 Nov. 2004

  15. Auroleus Phillipus Theostratus Bombastus von Hohenheim Paracelsus (1493-1541) “ All substances are poisons; there is none which is not a poison. The right dose differentiates a poison and a remedy” 6th ELOISE meeting, Portoroz, 14-18 Nov. 2004

  16. 0 present background objective Yardstick withTargets (150 substances) • Objectives • Background concentrations Lack of data 20% effect explained Anders Celsius (1701-1744) 6th ELOISE meeting, Portoroz, 14-18 Nov. 2004

  17. Toxicological objectives sediments Kd suspended mater EPA safety factor LC50 or QSAR (acute)1000 LC50 ( 3 spieces) 100 LC50 or QSAR (chronic) 10 6th ELOISE meeting, Portoroz, 14-18 Nov. 2004

  18. Targets humics Bioavailable fraction Metals and organic Substances? no humics 6th ELOISE meeting, Portoroz, 14-18 Nov. 2004

  19. Interpretation Cadmium MPRL NRL MPRL NRL 100% 7% 100% 81% 6th ELOISE meeting, Portoroz, 14-18 Nov. 2004

  20. “dangerous” substances (EU) very high concern PBT high concern > 1000 t/y (HPVC) concern no concern < 1t/y no data 6th ELOISE meeting, Portoroz, 14-18 Nov. 2004

  21. Selection Priority compounds (PBT) FWD OSPAR WFD OSPAR North Sea ministers • Starting list • Lack of physico-chemical data (degradation, bioavailability) • Lack of (eco)toxicological data • Science and expert judgement 6th ELOISE meeting, Portoroz, 14-18 Nov. 2004

  22. Sources Direct Diffuse 6th ELOISE meeting, Portoroz, 14-18 Nov. 2004

  23. PCB story (>50 years hidden) PCB damage action restoration production PBDE PBB damage action 1900 1960 2000 6th ELOISE meeting, Portoroz, 14-18 Nov. 2004

  24. Effects Coastal zone to lab Acute • Chronic • Egg development • Reproduction mammals • Liver tumors • Metalothionine • Enzyme activity • Development embryos • Skin diseases • Vitelloginin induction • Imposex • …………….. Ecosystem Population Organism Cel 6th ELOISE meeting, Portoroz, 14-18 Nov. 2004

  25. effect 100% ‘UNKNOWN’ Compounds KNOWN 30% Conc. target 1970 1990 2010 6th ELOISE meeting, Portoroz, 14-18 Nov. 2004

  26. 6th ELOISE meeting, Portoroz, 14-18 Nov. 2004

  27. Chemical industry (Europe) 6th ELOISE meeting, Portoroz, 14-18 Nov. 2004

  28. Green chemistry 6th ELOISE meeting, Portoroz, 14-18 Nov. 2004

  29. 6th ELOISE meeting, Portoroz, 14-18 Nov. 2004

  30. FWD (10 years back) Decreasing concentration Integrated catchment monitoring programs (DPSIR) Biomonitoring TIE Hazard to Risk assessment critical load Green chemistry Education Future 6th ELOISE meeting, Portoroz, 14-18 Nov. 2004

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