Development of Georgia

1. Development of Georgia Establishment of the University of Georgia, Louisville, and the spread of Baptist and Methodist churches

2. Standards • SS8H5 The stud will explain significant factors that affected the development of Ga as part of the growth of the U.S bw 1789 & 1840. a. Explain the est of the UGA, Louisville, & the spread of Baptist & Methodist churches

3. University of Georgia • Most Georgians had not been to school at all. • 1784 – Govt set aside 20,000 acres of land for a state college • 1785-UGA was chartered as land grant university (federal govt donated land) • 1801- 1st building Franklin College (white males only) • 1918 – Women were admitted How many years was it before women were allowed to attend Univ. of GA?

4. Louisville (1786) • GA has several capital cities including Savannah and Augusta. • Commission was given money to purchase 1,000 acres of land for new capital • 20 miles from Indian trading post on Ogeechee River • Named after King Louis XVI • Served as capital for 10 yrs • Capital of Ga moved here bc of the changing pop. to the center of the state.

5. Methodist Circuit riders (ministers who went from place to place) One service a month Richard Allen founded African Methodist Episcopal Church (AME) Baptist 1787 – free blacks started Baptist Church in Augusta 1788 – First African Baptist Church in Savannah The two largest church denominations in Georgia Baptist and Methodist churches split over the permitting of slavery.

6. b. Evaluate the impact of land policies pursued by Georgia; include the headright system, land lotteries, and the Yazoo land fraud.

7. Headright System • Distributed Native American lands to new settlers. • Every “head” of household had the “right” to own land up to 1000 acres of land.

8. Land Lotteries • Replaced the headright system as a way of distributing land to yeoman farmers. • Tickets were sold for chances to win. • Provisions of winning land: all white males at least 21 years of age. Also, head of households with children, war veterans, and widows had extra chances of winning.

9. Yazoo Land Fraud Why did the occur? What was the result of the federal government resolving the matter? What happened to Georgia because of this?

10. Land companies bribed Georgia governor and legislatures to sell them land for cheap. The companies were sold 35-50 million acres of land for $500k. Then they turned around and tried to sell it for a huge profit. • The federal government paid $4 million in order to resolve this matter and also disputed Georgia’s right to the land. • Georgia also ceded (gave up) all of its land west of the Chattahoochee River to the federal government for $1.25 million.

11. c. Explain how technological developments, including the cotton gin and railroads, had an impact on Georgia’s growth.

12. Cotton Gin • Who invented the cotton gin? • What did the cotton gin do? • What was the result on slavery because of the cotton gin? • What was Georgia’s chief cash crop after the invention of the gin?

13. Eli Whitney invented the cotton gin. • The purpose of the gin was to remove the seed from cotton. • The gin increased the need for slavery because plantation owners were able to make a higher profit from the sale of cotton. • Cotton was Georgia’s chief cash crop after the gin was invented.

14. Railroads • How was the railroad important to Georgia’s war effort before and during the Civil War? • What was Terminus? • What railroad was the primary railroad in Georgia in the 1830’s?

15. Railroads were important to Georgia before and during the Civil War because it was an important mode of transportation. i.e. transportation of supplies, weapons, people etc. • Terminus (now Atlanta) was the end of the Western and Atlantic rail line. • The Western and Atlantic railroad was the primary railroad in Georgia in the 1830’s.

16. Standards • SS8H5 The student will explain significant factors that affected the development of Georgia as part of the growth of the United States between 1789 and 1840. • d. Analyze the events that led to the removal of Creeks and Cherokees; include the roles of Alexander McGillivray, William McIntosh, Sequoyah, John Ross, Dahlonega Gold Rush, Worcester v. Georgia, Andrew Jackson, John Marshall, and the Trail of Tears

17. Alexander McGillivray • Creek leader in the Oconee War between the Creek and the Georgia pioneers • McGillivray signed the Treaty of New York (Creek had to give up all land east of the Oconee River)

18. William McIntosh • Creek Chief who worked out Treaty of Indian Springs • Unites States paid $200,000 to cede (give up) the last Creek lands in GA to the federal govt. • Angry Creeks killed him as a result.

19. Discovered in 1829 Lumpkin County was the 1st gold mining center in the U.S. GA passed a law that places part of the Cherokee land under state control and they could not speak against white men in court. Dec. 1829, a second law refused the Cherokee any right to gold mined in Dahlonega. As a result, the Cherokee lost homes, lands, and legal rights. Dahlonega Gold Rush

20. Sequoyah “Lonely Lame One” • Created Syllabary • A group of symbols that stand for whole syllables • Cherokee were the first to have their language in written form

21. Worcester v. Georgia • Rev. Samuel Worcester refused to sign an oath stated that a white person could not live on Cherokee land without taking an oath. • Trial was set…Worcester eventually gave up • He was ordered to leave the state and never return.

22. John Marshall • Chief Justice (Judge) • Ruled in the Worcester v. Georgia case that Worcester should be set free

23. John Ross • Cherokee Chief • Took a petition to Congress protesting the Cherokee removal from their lands

24. Andrew Jackson • Elected President of U.S. in 1828 • Signed Indian Removal Act in 1830 • Called for all Native Americans to be moved to the western territories

25. Creek Cherokee Removal of Creek and Cherokee

26. Trail of Tears • 15,000 or more Cherokee refused to leave • 7,000 troops arrived to force them to stockades • Hundreds of Cherokee died from disease while in stockades • Several thousand were crowded onto dirty boats with bad food. 1/3 died • Some escaped into North Carolina Mountains • The rest took the 700-800 mile walk • about 4, 000 died