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Maryland Concrete 2014 Conference March 18, 2014. FHWA Life Cycle Costs Analysis and Pavement Type Selection Guidance. Presentation Outline. Background on FHWA Policy & Guidance Information. Federal Register Oct 8, 1981 PTS Policy If designs equivalent then alternate bidding (AB) permitted
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Maryland Concrete 2014 Conference March 18, 2014 FHWA Life Cycle Costs Analysis and Pavement Type Selection Guidance
Background on FHWA Policy & Guidance Information • Federal Register Oct 8, 1981 PTS Policy • If designs equivalent then alternate bidding (AB) permitted • Federal Register Nov 9, 1981 Clarification • Discourages use of price adjustment clauses w/ AB • 23 CFR, Part 626 Non-Regulatory Supplement April 8, 1999 • FHWA does not encourage use of AB for PTS due to issue of equivalent pavement designs
Background on FHWA Policy & Guidance Information • FHWA Memo Nov 13, 2008 • Clarifies and consolidates FHWA policy • Alternate Bidding is not encouraged • Use of commodity price adjustments should not be used • Special Experimental Project #14 (SEP14) approval needed if using price adjustments • NCHRP Report 703 “Guide for Pavement Type Selection,” 2011
PTS Method #1 Identify feasible alternatives Perform LCCA Cost within specified % of lowest estimate Cost within specified % of lowest estimate • Consider subjective factors: • constructability, adjoining pavement, competition, • traffic control, • budget, etc. YES NO Eliminate alternative Make Decision 8 states
PTS Method #2 (MI) Identify feasible alternatives 1 rigid, 1 flexible Perform LCCA Alternate with lowest LCC YES Make selection decision NO Eliminate alternative
PTS Method #3 Identify feasible alternatives Perform LCCA Submit to selection committee Committee evaluates engineering and economic factors Committee recommends a decision
Both rigid and flexible alternatives are feasible PTS Method #4 Identify feasible alternatives NO YES Perform LCCA Prepare LCC Adjustment factor Eliminatealternative Alternate Bids to determine pavement type 10-25 states
FHWA Technical Advisory • Elimination of SEP 14 approval for price adjustments, November 8, 2012 • Use of Alternate Bidding for Pavement Type Selection, T 5040.39 December 20, 2012
Question 1: Purpose of TA? • Guidance on use of Alternate Bidding for Pavement Type Selection on Federal-aid projects on NHS
Question 2: Does TA Supersede other Guidance? • TA Supersedes: • Federal Register FHWA PTS Policy Statement November 11, 1981 • 23 CFR 626 NR Supplement issued April 8, 1999 • FHWA Memorandum issued November 13, 2008
Question 3: Background on AB for PTS? • Risk to Agency associated with variation of material costs and performance • 23 CFR 626 NR Guidance did not encourage use of AB • Limited use due to: • Lack of national guidance, • Consistent approach to AB and • Open competitive bidding environment
Question 4: Scope/Applicability of TA? • Recommended practice for use on Federal Aid projects on NHS • Process suitable for any project • Contracting agencies may use State design and construction practices for non-NHS projects
Question 5: FHWA Position? • Suitable approach when, • Engineering/economic analysis shows no clear choice between different pavement designs
Question 6: When is AB Appropriate? • Equivalent Designs • Similar level of service over same performance period (use of Pavement ME-Design software) • Similar life-cycle costs • Performance period should include min one major rehab cycle • Life cycle costs considered similar if NPV for higher cost alternative is less than 10% higher than lower cost alternative
Question 6: When is AB Appropriate? • Discount Rate • Guidance available in FHWA “LCCA in Pavement Design – Interim Tech Bulletin”, September 1981 • Recommend use of NPV for future costs • Recommend use of Real Discount Rate consistent w/ OMB Circular A-94, Appendix C
Question 6: When is AB Appropriate? • Consideration of Uncertainty • Determine total LCC for each alternative • Consider use of RealCost software
Question 6: When is AB Appropriate? • Maintenance and Rehab Strategy • Should reflect realistic pavement management practices • Should utilize realistic timing and extent of M&R activities • Provide similar level of service over performance period • NCHRP Report 703 Section 3.5 has a reasonable approach
Question 6: When is AB Appropriate? • Non-Economic Factors • Agency may consider: • Constructability • Continuity of adjacent pavements • Availability of local materials • Experience
Question 6: When is AB Appropriate? • Appropriate Application • Only use where pavement items impacted by AB are likely to influence lowest costs • Projects w/ substantial quantities of non-pavement items may not be good candidates for AB
Question 6: When is AB Appropriate? • Work Zone User Delay Costs • Not suited when user delay costs for initial construction and M&R exceed 20% between alternates
Question 7: Administration of AB? • LCCA Bid Adjustment • Should be used for all AB projects • Compute NPV of all unique costs over performance period • Establish process w/ industry input • Include LCCA bid adjustment in project specs • Should not include non-agency costs • User delay costs • Vehicle operating costs • Environmental costs, etc.
Question 7: Administration of AB? • Commodity Price Adjustment • Not desirable • Difficult to administer equal treatment • May result in in different levels of material cost risk
Question 7: Administration of AB? • Quality Price Adjustment Clauses • If used, • Provide similar incentives/disincentives for all alternate pavement types
Question 7: Administration of AB? • Material Quantities • Materials pay items based on weight/mass may result in cost overruns • Materials pay items based on area are less likely to result in a materials overrun • Overruns may result in a higher cost to Agency, which makes LCCA invalid • Recommend agency establish process to monitor actual costs to prevent any systematic bias
Question 7: Administration of AB? • Approvals • Title 23 U.S.C. 112 FA construction contracts awarded based on lowest responsive bid • SEP 14 Innovative Contracting Approval Process no longer required • Evaluated use of alternate pavement type bidding using LCCA bid adjustments and is no longer considered experimental per FHWA Memo dated November 8, 2012
Question 7: Administration of AB? • Change Orders • Should not allow post-award change order for pavement type • Negates purpose of alternate bid process
Question 8: Program Effectiveness? • Monitor number of bidders and unit cost of projects • Solicit input from respective pavement industry groups
Question 9: Reference Materials? • NCHRP Report 703 “Guide for Pavement-Type Selection,” 2011 http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/nchrp/nchrp_rpt_703.pdf
Additional Information or Questions Gary Crawford FHWA Office of Asset Management, Pavements, and ConstructionPavement Design and Analysis Team202-366-1286gary.crawford@dot.gov Gina Ahlstrom FHWA Office of Asset Management, Pavements, and ConstructionPavement Design and Analysis Team202-366-4612gina.ahlstrom@dot.gov