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Desulphurisation Methods in Fuel Processing for Cleaner Energy Production

Learn about wet flue gas desulphurisation involving chemical reactions to reduce sulphur content, fuel processing techniques like gasification, and desulphurisation in automobiles. Discover the importance of clean fuels for efficient energy production.

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Desulphurisation Methods in Fuel Processing for Cleaner Energy Production

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  1. Desulphurisation Hemant Pandit, Ranjan agrawal

  2. Wet Flue Gas Desulphurisation The wet FGD process CaCO3(s) + SO2(g) + 2H2O + ½O2→ CaSO42H2O(s) + CO2 Major reactions (Kiil, 1998) ● Absorption of SO2 ● Oxidation of HSO3- to SO42- ● Limestone dissolution ● Gypsum crystallisation Important parameters ●Desulphurisation degree ●Gypsum moisture content ●Gypsum impurity content (limestone etc.) Courtesy of DONG Energy 1

  3. The oxy-fuel concept Oxy-fuel combustion ●Substitution of fuel air with oxygen ●Flue gas recycle in order to control temperature/convective heat transfer ●Gas phase enriched in CO2 & H2O ●Capture and compression of CO2 Flue gas desulphurization ●Ensuring a clean product – i.e. transport and geological storage considerations ●Wet FGD before compression (traditional) ●As part of the compression (research stage) Courtesy of Vattenfall 2

  4. Fuel Processing

  5. Fuel Processor

  6. C + O2 CO2 C + H2OCO + H2 C + CO2 2CO CO + H2O CO2 + H2 CO + 3H2 CH4 +H2O Gasification of solid fuels Generic Types Moving bed Fluidized bed Entrained bed Second generation BGL Shell Texaco KRW HT Winkler and many more

  7. Partial Oxidation • CxHy + x/2 O2 x CO + y/2 H2 • Advantages: • Any type of hydrocarbon • Direct Heat transfer Disadvantages: • Low H2 production • Dilution of gas with N2 • Soot formation

  8. Desulphurisation • Gas phase Desulphurisation • ZnO + H2S ZnS (s) + H2O (g) • 2 to 3 kg ZnO sufficient for one year Automobile operation • Liquid Fuel Desulphurisation • Gasoline 30-40 ppm 1-2ppm Sulphur • For high sulphur Fuels hydro treatment followed by gas phase • Desulphurisation Adsorption Chemical reaction

  9. Conclusions • Presently liquid fuels like gasoline & Diesel which contain high aromatic content and sulfur are not very suitable for on board applications. • Availability of Methanol & Ethanol for fuel uses are inadequate. • For use of natural gas economic and environmental benefits are to studied in detail. • A multi fuel Reformer needs to be developed (For fuels with small range of C/H ratio). • Thrust areas for R&D • Development of reactors/separators (Membrane) • Indigenous Catalyst development

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