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EHEC

EHEC. By Marie and Alicia. What is it?. E. coli is a bacterium that is found in the intestine of humans EHEC = enterohaemorrhagic escherichia coli strain of E. coli Type : O104:H4 first recognized in 1982 in Germany 2011. Sources.

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EHEC

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  1. EHEC By Marie and Alicia

  2. What is it? • E. coli is a bacterium that is found in the intestine of humans • EHEC = enterohaemorrhagic escherichia coli • strain of E. coli • Type : O104:H4 • first recognized in 1982 • in Germany 2011

  3. Sources • reservoir of bacterium in ruminants ( e.g cattle or camels) • contaminated food like raw or uncooked meat • person-to-person contact: oral-faecal route (asymptomatic carriers) • contaminated water (can survive for months) • in this case probably contaminated vegetables which got in contact with faeces of infected animals

  4. Pathogenesis

  5. Incubation period: 3-8 days; infectious dose may be only 10 bacteria • in the intestines bacteria attach to the villi and produce Shiga-like toxins • toxins block protein synthesis and induces cell death • also enter blood vessels and attach to their walls causing the breakdown of RBCs and platelets

  6. HUS • hemolytic-uremic syndrome • closely associated with EHEC and other GIT-infections • 10-20% of patients with EHEC infections develop this syndrome • mortality rate with intensive care is 3-5% • affects especially people with less distinct immune system

  7. Symptoms • fever • nausea/ vomitting • weakness • abdominal pain patients with HUS: • diarrhea (progresses to bloody diarrhea) • abdominal cramps

  8. Clinical findings • small blood clots • internal bleeding • anemia and thrombocytopenia • dyspnea (breathing difficulties) • inflammation of the pancreas • kidney failure • anuria • neurological disorders

  9. EHEC most victims recover within 10 days bacterium is killed at 70°C no antibiotics stimulate toxin production hygiene HUS intensive care transfusion of RBC and platelets dialysis medication like corticosteroids Treatment

  10. EHEC in Germany • EHEC infections occur worldwide • in Germany about 1000 every year, usually affecting small children • big outbreak in summer 2011 from may to july

  11. 4335 EHEC infected people, 855 HUS infected people 2987 people with acute gastroenteritis, 48 deaths • 68% of patients were females and most affected people were adults • fenugreek seeds were identified as source for the infection • after the distribution was ceased, there were no new infections associated with the vehicle

  12. Consequences • Affected people: • dialysis throughout life • need of donor organs • Economy: • farmers lost income • European Commission covered the loss by paying 226 million € to the agricultural market • another 12 million € for the study of the pathogen

  13. References: • http://www.spiegel.de/thema/ehec/ • http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs125/en/ • http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001539/ • http://www.rki.de/DE/Content/InfAZ/E/EHEC/EHEC.html • Pictures: • http://mhstatic.de/fm/1/thumbnails/SH_ehec_Bakterien_800.jpg.2721709.jpg • http://healthmap.org/en/ • http://www.google.de/imgres?imgurl=http://www.lgl.bayern.de/gesundheit/pic/ehec_faelle_bayern_250711.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.lgl.bayern.de/gesundheit/ehec.htm&usg

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