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Biofine Technology, LLC

“Cellulosic Biodiesel” www.biofinetechnology.com. Biofine Technology, LLC. CELLULOSE AND STARCH. THE BIOFINE PROCESS. CELLULOSIC BIODIESEL. BIOFINE. PRESENTATION OUTLINE. THE BIOFINE “ BIO-REFINING ” PROCESS LEVULINIC ACID: A VERSATILE PLATFORM CHEMICAL

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Biofine Technology, LLC

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  1. “Cellulosic Biodiesel” www.biofinetechnology.com Biofine Technology, LLC

  2. CELLULOSE AND STARCH THE BIOFINE PROCESS CELLULOSIC BIODIESEL BIOFINE

  3. PRESENTATION OUTLINE • THE BIOFINE “BIO-REFINING” PROCESS • LEVULINIC ACID: A VERSATILE PLATFORM CHEMICAL • LEVULINATE ESTERS: A NEW CLASS OF CELLULOSIC ADVANCED BIOFUELS • TEST WORK (BROOKHAVEN NATIONAL LABORATORY) • LIFE CYCLE CARBON DIOXIDE SAVINGS AND BENEFITS FOR HEATING OIL • FEEDSTOCKS AND POTENTIAL LOCATIONS • PRODUCTION - WHAT WILL IT COST? BIOFINE

  4. Biofine Process – Fast Chemical Conversion Cellulose Sugars Intermediates I HMF Intermediates II Levulinic Acid (50wt %) First Stage “Plug Flow” Reactor Fast Reaction (Seconds) Slower Reaction (Minutes) BYPRODUCTS: Tars (30 wt%) Formic Acid (20 wt %) Second Stage “Back Mixed” Reactor

  5. PRODUCTS FEEDSTOCKS “BIOMASS” CROPS ARGICULTURAL RESIDUES CELLULOSIC SLUDGES WOOD STARCH WASTE PAPER MOLASSES LEVULINIC ACID FURFURAL LIGNEOUS CHAR SPECIALTY CHEMICALS COMMODITY CHEMICALS HERBICIDES PESTICIDES TRANSPORTATION FUELS HEATING OIL FORMIC ACID THE BIOFINE PROCESS DOWNSTREAM CONVERSION THE BIOFINE PROCESS (THE “BIOREFINERY”) BIOFINE

  6. LEVULINIC ACID: ONE OF THE U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY’S “SELECT TWELVE” PLATFORM CHEMICALS FROM BIOMASS

  7. Liquid Fuel Markets U.S. Fuel Markets: Heating oil – 7+ billion gallons Diesel Fuel – 53+ billion gallons Gasoline – 140+ billion gallons 8

  8. DRIVERS FOR RENEWABLE LIQUID FUELS • Sustainable Development (Social, Economic and Environmental) • Kyoto – Reduction of Atmospheric Carbon Emissions • Legislation (Carbon Control Programs for Fuels) • Synergy with Primary Carbon Use (Liquids) • Convenience of Use -High energy content (Liquid Fuels) • Improved Product Performance (Cleaner Burning) • Security of Supply (Home Grown Fuels) • Agricultural Support (Energy Farms, Ag Byproducts) • New Business Potential (Huge markets)

  9. LEVULINATE ESTERS “CELLULOSIC BIODIESEL” A NEW CLASS OF ADVANCED BIOFUEL FOR USE IN COMMERCIAL AND RESIDENTIAL HEATING OIL BIOFINE

  10. “CELLULOSIC BIODIESEL” LEVULINIC ACID ESTERS • EASILY PRODUCED FROM LEVULINIC ACID AND AN ALCOHOL (ETHANOL OR METHANOL) • BIODIESEL FROM NON-FOOD FEEDSTOCKS - CELLULOSE • GREENHOUSE GAS SAVING – OVER 90% • GRAS - PRESENT MARKET IS IN FLAVORS AND FRAGRANCES • SAFE - HIGH FLASH POINT TEMPERATURE • LOW FREEZING POINT • CLEAN COMBUSTION (HIGH EFFIC, LOW PARTICULATE) • ROUTE FOR METHANOL OR ETHANOL INTO HEAVY FUELS • REASONABLE ENERGY DENSITY (100,000 BTU PER GALLON) • LOW VISCOSITY, HIGH LUBRICITY • BLENDS WITH BIODIESEL IN ALL PROPORTIONS • MUTUAL SOLVENCY WITH BIODIESEL IN DIESEL AND H.O. • EXTENDS AVAILABILITY OF FAME TO MEET DEMAND BIOFINE

  11. LEVUINATE ESTER FUEL TESTING PROGRAM AT BNL • LEVULINIC ESTER BLENDS WITH BIODIESEL AND No. 2 HEATING OIL • FUNDED BY NORA, BIOFINE AND BNL • OXIDATIVE STABILITY (RANCIMAT) • ELASTOMER TESTING (NITRILE, VITON, TEFLON) (IN-PROGRESS) • COMBUSTION TESTING (EFFICIENCY AND EMISSIONS) • BLEND MISCIBILITY ESTERS WITH BIODIESEL AND No.2 H.O. • COLD TEMPERATURE BEHAVIOUR (CLOUD/POUR) (IN PROGRESS) • WATER ABSORPTION • BURNER CLEANING EFFECT FOR GUM DEPOSITION (IN-PROGRESS)

  12. BIODIESEL OXIDATIVE STABILITY – EFFECT OF LEVULINATE ESTERS BNL DATA

  13. COMBUSTION QUALITY RESULTS • SUMMARY (Operational data from oil-fired test boiler at BNL) • CO CO2 % SO2 EFF%NOx • (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) • No. 2 Oil 6.6 13% 61 86.6% 119 • Levulinate Ester 2.1 10% 2 86.2% 39

  14. LEVULINATE ESTER COMBUSTION IN OIL BURNER B.N.L. Photos 100% E.L. and No. 2 Heating Oil (B.N.L. notes lean burn of E.L. and less excess air required) Ethyl Levulinate EL-100 No. 2 Home Heating Oil BIOFINE

  15. LEVULINATE ESTER USE WITH BIODIESEL (FAME) - MISCIBILITY B.N.L. Photo of 50% Levulinate Ester and 50% Biodiesel BIOFINE

  16. LEVULINATE ESTER USE WITH BIODIESEL (FAME) - MISCIBILITY B.N.L. Photo of 5% Ester, 5% Biodiesel, 90% heating Oil BIOFINE

  17. LOW TEMPERATURE BEHAVIOUR OF ESTER BLENDS • TESTING IN PROGRESS PER ASTM D-5771 AND D-5950 • INITIAL QUALITATIVE TESTING CONFIRM SIGNIFICANT LOW TEMPERATURE BENEFITS ON CLOUD POINT AND CFPP

  18. WATER ABSORPTION WITH ESTER BLENDS • HEATING OIL/BIODIESEL/ESTER BLENDS REJECT WATER • BLENDS ARE STABLE IN PRESENCE OF WATER • NO MEASURABLE CHANGE IN SEPARATED WATER VOLUME • SUPPORTED BY PREVIOUS TEST WORK (PER ASTM D-1094)

  19. GREENHOUSE GAS LIFE CYCLE ANALYSES FOR LEVULINATES • FUNDED BY BIOFINE • CARRIED OUT INDEPENDENTLY BY EARTHSHIFT LLC (VERMONT/N.H.) • “GREET” MODEL (ANL) • ASSESSMENT OF THE SUSTAINABILITY OF BIOMASS-DERIVED FUELS • COMPARED LEVULINATE ESTER TO BIODIESEL AND GASOLINE/DIESEL

  20. Urban Solid Waste

  21. Material and Energy Flows for Production and Utilization of Chemicals & Fuels from Biomass BIOFINE

  22. LEVUNIATE ESTERS VERSUS FOSSIL FUEL

  23. GHG EMISSIONS FROM LEVULINATE ESTERS AND SOY BIODIESEL

  24. SIGNIFICANCE FOR HEATING OIL EMISSIONS • BLENDING REQUIREMENT WITH HEATING OIL TO ACHIEVE GHG PARITY WITH NATURAL GAS HEAT • SOY BIODIESEL – 12% • LEVULINATE ESTER – 6% • 50/50 BIODIESEL/LEVULINATE ESTER BLEND – 9%

  25. ECONOMIC IMPACT OF LARGE SCALE COMMERCIAL APPLICATION • Facility Feedstock Capacity 1,000 dry tonnes per day • Direct jobs created 90 full time equivalents • Supply jobs created 58 full time equivalents • Induced jobs 337 full time equivalents • TOTAL JOBS CREATED486 full time equivalents • Construction jobs created 565 job years (250 per year) • Petroleum Displacement 1,000,000 barrels/yr • Innovative Natural Resource Solutions LLC BIOFINE

  26. Co-location • Pulp and/or paper mill • Power Plants • Waste Recycling Plants • Saves capital and operating costs • Leverages existing infrastructure and resources

  27. PROCESS ECONOMICS:BIOREFINERY CAPITAL, OPERATING COST and PROFITABILITY 30

  28. Biomass Conversion CostLarge Scale Operation BIOFINE • Biomass delivered $70 per dry tonne $4 per GJ • Fuel Production Cost $ 426 per tonne $17 per GJ Compare: Gasoline at $2.15/gallon $740 per tonne $17 per GJ

  29. Stephen W. Fitzpatrick Ph.D. (508) 532 6760 extn 11 WWW.BIOFINETECHNOLOGY.COM Biofine Technology, LLC

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