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Protestant Reformation

Explore the Protestant Reformation, a religious reform movement that challenged the authority of the Catholic Church. Learn about key figures like Martin Luther and John Calvin, their ideas, and the impact of the Reformation on Europe.

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Protestant Reformation

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  1. Protestant Reformation Unit 3, SSWH 9 d

  2. Protestant Reformation =“Religious Reform” • Renaissance: emphasized the secular & individuality (challenged Church authority) • Rulers challenge Church’s political power • Critics claimed leaders in the Church were corrupt (living extravagantly, fathered children, married, drank, gambled, & poorly educated)

  3. Friar Johann Tetzel sold indulgences (forgiveness for the punishment of their sins) to congregation • Selling indulgences: people could buy their way into heaven • 95 Theses: Martin Luther posted 95 arguments against Johann Tetzel’s actions & the church

  4. Luther’s Ideas • People could win salvation only by faith in God’s gift of forgiveness • All church teachings should be clearly based on the words of the Bible • All people with faith are equal

  5. Impact of the Reformation • Followers of Martin Luther called Lutherans • The princes who protected Luther /protested against Pope = “Protestants” • Churches that practiced non-Catholic ways = Protestants • Peace of Augsburg: meeting to stop fighting bet. Catholics & Protestant princes

  6. Meeting allowed princes to choose the type of church for their state • Protestantism broke into several diff. church branches • Govts. quarreled over what church people should follow

  7. John Calvin’s Ideas • Luther idea influenced Calvin, humans cannot earn a place in heaven • (Calvin) Predestination: Believed that God chooses who will be saved • Believed govt. should be controlled by religious leaders (theocracy)

  8. Created a self-governing city with strict rules (no bright colors, playing cards) • His teachings influenced the formation of other Protestant branches

  9. Legacy of Reformation • Left Europe culturally divided & ended Christian unity: Protestant & Catholic • Protestant churches flourished & new denominations developed • Role of education was emphasized • Catholic Church power declined • Individual monarchs & state gained power

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